Two identical twins hold on to a rope, one at each end, on a smooth, frictionless ice surface. They skate in a circle about the center of the rope (the center of mass of the two-body system) and perpendicular to the ice. The mass of each twin is 78.0 kg. The rope of negligible mass is 3.5 m long and they move at a speed of 5.40 m/s. a)What is the magnitude, in kg · m2/s, of the angular momentum of the system comprised of the two twins? (b)They now pull on the rope and move closer to each other so that the rope between them is now half as long. Determine the speed, in m/s, with which they move now. (c)The two twins have to do work in order to move closer to each other. How much work, in joules, did they do?
Angular Momentum
The momentum of an object is given by multiplying its mass and velocity. Momentum is a property of any object that moves with mass. The only difference between angular momentum and linear momentum is that angular momentum deals with moving or spinning objects. A moving particle's linear momentum can be thought of as a measure of its linear motion. The force is proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum. Angular momentum is always directly proportional to mass. In rotational motion, the concept of angular momentum is often used. Since it is a conserved quantity—the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant—it is a significant quantity in physics. To understand the concept of angular momentum first we need to understand a rigid body and its movement, a position vector that is used to specify the position of particles in space. A rigid body possesses motion it may be linear or rotational. Rotational motion plays important role in angular momentum.
Moment of a Force
The idea of moments is an important concept in physics. It arises from the fact that distance often plays an important part in the interaction of, or in determining the impact of forces on bodies. Moments are often described by their order [first, second, or higher order] based on the power to which the distance has to be raised to understand the phenomenon. Of particular note are the second-order moment of mass (Moment of Inertia) and moments of force.
Two identical twins hold on to a rope, one at each end, on a smooth, frictionless ice surface. They skate in a circle about the center of the rope (the center of mass of the two-body system) and perpendicular to the ice. The mass of each twin is 78.0 kg. The rope of negligible mass is 3.5 m long and they move at a speed of 5.40 m/s.
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