Two flat parallel plates are separated by a small gap h filled with an incompressible fluid of viscosity u. Assume that the length and width of the plates to be much larger than the gap h. The top plate moves horizontally with a velocity V while the bottom plate is held stationary. The magnitude of the difference between the shear stress at the top and bottom walls is found to be At. Velocity of the top plate is?

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.