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Two different variants (alleles) of ß-globin are found in African populations that offer some protection to individuals from malaria. Hb-S is the sickle cell allele. In the heterozygote (Hb- A/Hb-S), protection from malaria is achieved. However, in the homozygote (Hb-S/Hb-S) sickling of the red blood cells leads to decreased vitality and early death. Another allele, apparently the result of a fairly recent mutation, Hb-C provides protection without severe consequences for the homozygote, although it provides no protection to the heterozygote. Relative fitnesses are given as: susceptible; normal resistant; mild sickling resistant; severe sickling AA 0.9 AS S 1.0 0.2 susceptible; normal susceptible; no sickling resistant; little sickling AA 0.9 AC CC 0.9 1.3 Consider the allele systems separately. Assuming starting frequencies of A(p) = 0.8 and S/C(g)= 0.2, calculate the change in allele frequency (just focus on “q") for five generations.

Two different variants (alleles) of ß-globin are found in African populations that offer some protection to individuals from malaria. Hb-S is the sickle cell allele. In the heterozygote (Hb- A/Hb-S), protection from malaria is achieved. However, in the homozygote (Hb-S/Hb-S) sickling of the red blood cells leads to decreased vitality and early death. Another allele, apparently the result of a fairly recent mutation, Hb-C provides protection without severe consequences for the homozygote, although it provides no protection to the heterozygote. Relative fitnesses are given as: susceptible; normal resistant; mild sickling resistant; severe sickling AA 0.9 AS S 1.0 0.2 susceptible; normal susceptible; no sickling resistant; little sickling AA 0.9 AC CC 0.9 1.3 Consider the allele systems separately. Assuming starting frequencies of A(p) = 0.8 and S/C(g)= 0.2, calculate the change in allele frequency (just focus on “q") for five generations.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Two different variants (alleles) of β-globin are found in African populations that offer some protection to individuals from malaria. Hb-S is the sickle cell allele. In the heterozygote (Hb-A/Hb-S), protection from malaria is achieved. However, in the homozygote (Hb-S/Hb-S) sickling of the red blood cells leads to decreased vitality and early death. Another allele, apparently the result of a fairly recent mutation, Hb-C provides protection without severe consequences for the homozygote, although it provides no protection to the heterozygote. Relative fitnesses are given as: For Hb-S: - AA: susceptible; normal 0.9 - AS: resistant; mild sickling 1.0 - SS: resistant; severe sickling 0.2 For Hb-C: - AA: susceptible; normal 0.9 - AC: susceptible; no sickling 0.9 - CC: resistant; little sickling 1.3 Consider the allele systems separately. Assuming starting frequencies of A(p) = 0.8 and S/C(q) = 0.2, calculate the change in allele frequency (just focus on “q”) for five generations. Graph your results and comment on any differences between the two graphs.
Transcribed Image Text:Two different variants (alleles) of β-globin are found in African populations that offer some protection to individuals from malaria. Hb-S is the sickle cell allele. In the heterozygote (Hb-A/Hb-S), protection from malaria is achieved. However, in the homozygote (Hb-S/Hb-S) sickling of the red blood cells leads to decreased vitality and early death. Another allele, apparently the result of a fairly recent mutation, Hb-C provides protection without severe consequences for the homozygote, although it provides no protection to the heterozygote. Relative fitnesses are given as: For Hb-S: - AA: susceptible; normal 0.9 - AS: resistant; mild sickling 1.0 - SS: resistant; severe sickling 0.2 For Hb-C: - AA: susceptible; normal 0.9 - AC: susceptible; no sickling 0.9 - CC: resistant; little sickling 1.3 Consider the allele systems separately. Assuming starting frequencies of A(p) = 0.8 and S/C(q) = 0.2, calculate the change in allele frequency (just focus on “q”) for five generations. Graph your results and comment on any differences between the two graphs.
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