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True or false, the sugar below is in the a-form HOH2C. 0. ОН Select one: O True False ОН ОН ОН

True or false, the sugar below is in the a-form HOH2C. 0. ОН Select one: O True False ОН ОН ОН

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Identifying the Anomeric Form of a Sugar **Question: True or false, the sugar below is in the α-form** ![Chemical Structure of Sugar](https://example.com/image/url) **Select one:** - True - False #### Diagram Explanation The image shows a cyclic sugar molecule's chemical structure. Here are its key features: - The sugar forms a ring, indicating it is a cyclic sugar. - The ring structure includes an oxygen atom. - Several hydroxyl groups (-OH) are attached to carbon atoms in the ring. - One of the carbon atoms in the ring is connected to an additional hydroxyl group outside the ring. To determine if the sugar is in the α-form or β-form, we need to examine the position of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon. The anomeric carbon is the carbon that was part of the carbonyl group (C=O) before cyclization, now bonded to two oxygen atoms: - **α-form**: The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is on the opposite side (trans) of the ring relative to the CH₂OH group of the sugar. - **β-form**: The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is on the same side (cis) of the ring relative to the CH₂OH group of the sugar. In this diagram, the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is positioned opposite to the CH₂OH group, indicating that the sugar is in the α-form. #### Answer **True**
Transcribed Image Text:### Identifying the Anomeric Form of a Sugar **Question: True or false, the sugar below is in the α-form** ![Chemical Structure of Sugar](https://example.com/image/url) **Select one:** - True - False #### Diagram Explanation The image shows a cyclic sugar molecule's chemical structure. Here are its key features: - The sugar forms a ring, indicating it is a cyclic sugar. - The ring structure includes an oxygen atom. - Several hydroxyl groups (-OH) are attached to carbon atoms in the ring. - One of the carbon atoms in the ring is connected to an additional hydroxyl group outside the ring. To determine if the sugar is in the α-form or β-form, we need to examine the position of the hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon. The anomeric carbon is the carbon that was part of the carbonyl group (C=O) before cyclization, now bonded to two oxygen atoms: - **α-form**: The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is on the opposite side (trans) of the ring relative to the CH₂OH group of the sugar. - **β-form**: The hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is on the same side (cis) of the ring relative to the CH₂OH group of the sugar. In this diagram, the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon is positioned opposite to the CH₂OH group, indicating that the sugar is in the α-form. #### Answer **True**
**Understanding Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution** When analyzing polymers, two fundamental averages are frequently considered: the number average molecular weight (\(M_n\)) and the weight average molecular weight (\(M_N\)). Both of these can be illustrated on a graph that plots weight fraction against molecular weight, as shown below. ### Graph Explanation The graph depicts the relationship between the weight fraction of a polymer sample and the molecular weight of its molecules. The weight fraction is plotted on the vertical axis, while the molecular weight is plotted on the horizontal axis. ### Key Points on the Graph - **Point A**: This point corresponds to the peak of the distribution and is likely indicative of the number average molecular weight (\(M_n\)). The number average molecular weight is a statistical average of the molecular weights of the individual molecules in a polymer. It is calculated by taking the total weight of the polymer and dividing it by the number of polymer molecules. On the graph, this is marked by a green dashed line. - **Point B**: This point corresponds to a position further along the molecular weight axis and likely represents the weight average molecular weight (\(M_N\)). The weight average molecular weight takes into account the weight of each individual polymer molecule, which means that higher molecular weight species have a more significant impact on this average. It is obtained by summing the product of the weight of each molecule times the molecular weight of that molecule and then dividing by the total weight of all molecules. On the graph, this is marked by a red dashed line. By distinguishing these two points, the graph helps us understand the distribution of molecular weights within the polymer sample, indicating variations in the size of the polymer molecules present. **Interactive Elements:** - Click on Point A to see detailed information about the number average molecular weight (\(M_n\)). - Click on Point B to see detailed information about the weight average molecular weight (\(M_N\)). Understanding these concepts and being able to interpret such graphs is essential in polymer science, as the molecular weight distribution can significantly affect the material properties of the polymer.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Polymer Molecular Weight Distribution** When analyzing polymers, two fundamental averages are frequently considered: the number average molecular weight (\(M_n\)) and the weight average molecular weight (\(M_N\)). Both of these can be illustrated on a graph that plots weight fraction against molecular weight, as shown below. ### Graph Explanation The graph depicts the relationship between the weight fraction of a polymer sample and the molecular weight of its molecules. The weight fraction is plotted on the vertical axis, while the molecular weight is plotted on the horizontal axis. ### Key Points on the Graph - **Point A**: This point corresponds to the peak of the distribution and is likely indicative of the number average molecular weight (\(M_n\)). The number average molecular weight is a statistical average of the molecular weights of the individual molecules in a polymer. It is calculated by taking the total weight of the polymer and dividing it by the number of polymer molecules. On the graph, this is marked by a green dashed line. - **Point B**: This point corresponds to a position further along the molecular weight axis and likely represents the weight average molecular weight (\(M_N\)). The weight average molecular weight takes into account the weight of each individual polymer molecule, which means that higher molecular weight species have a more significant impact on this average. It is obtained by summing the product of the weight of each molecule times the molecular weight of that molecule and then dividing by the total weight of all molecules. On the graph, this is marked by a red dashed line. By distinguishing these two points, the graph helps us understand the distribution of molecular weights within the polymer sample, indicating variations in the size of the polymer molecules present. **Interactive Elements:** - Click on Point A to see detailed information about the number average molecular weight (\(M_n\)). - Click on Point B to see detailed information about the weight average molecular weight (\(M_N\)). Understanding these concepts and being able to interpret such graphs is essential in polymer science, as the molecular weight distribution can significantly affect the material properties of the polymer.
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