Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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Reaction conditions:
- **Reagent:** NaBH₄
- **Solvent:** EtOH
- **Note:** Ignore stereochemistry
**Reactants and Products:**
- **Reactant:** A cyclohexanone derivative with two keto groups.
**Potential Products:**
A. Cyclohexane-1,4-dione with an ester group.
B. Cyclohexane-1,4-diol.
C. Cyclohexanone with an alcohol and an ester group.
D. Cyclohexane-1,4-diol.
**Options:**
- ○ A
- ○ B
- ○ C
- ○ D
**Explanation:**
The given reaction involves the reduction of a compound with NaBH₄ in ethanol. You are asked to predict the major product, with stereochemistry ignored. Analyze the structures and choose the correct major product based on the typical reactivity of NaBH₄ with carbonyl compounds.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd28bb5a8-7114-481e-95e9-134d2c6aa143%2Ff9bfe325-3a40-4dfc-86d4-7d99e107a142%2Ffvzrs0m_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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