To find out the included angles in a closed survey PQRSTP, the following observations were made with the compass. Calculate the included angles after correcting for local attractions. Line Fore bearing Back bearing S62°15’W PQ QR N62°45’E N21°00´E N71°30’W S20°45'W RS S71°30´E ST S39°00’W N38°00´E ТР S54°30'E N53°15’W

Q: A survey was laid out as follows: a. Line AB has a bearing of S14°26'12"E b. At B, point C was…

A:

Q: Along one bank of a river with parallel banks, a surveyor lays off a base line AB 600.00 m long.…

A: Given that  AB = 600.00m ∠BAC=62°5'18"∠ABC=81°34'42" let us make a Line CD perpendicular to line AB…

Q: Given the following tabulated data for a closed traverse, determine the bearings of CD and EA.

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Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.