to cant effect using a two-tailed test b. If the sample variance is s2 = 72, cient to conclude that the treatment has a signifi- Ibosize o c. Const the m are the data suf cant effect using a two-tailed test with a = .05? c. Comparing your answer for parts a and b, how sn: does the variability of the scores in the sample influence the outcome of a hypothesis test! for th 15. Standard 13. The spotlight effect refers to overestimating the extent to which others notice your appearance or behavior, especially when you commit a social faux pas. Effec- uvely, you feel as if you are suddenly standing in a spotlight with everyone looking. In one demonstration of this phenomenon, Gilovich, Medvec, and Sav- itsky (2000) asked college students to put on a Barry Manilow T-shirt that fellow students had previously Judged to be embarrassing. The participants were then led into a room in which other students were already participating in an experiment. After a few minutes, the participant was led back out of the room and was allowed to remove the shirt. Later, each participant fon was asked to estimate how many people in the room had noticed the shirt. The individuals who were in the sage leve the past average was u children SS 2 910G DT а. Bas cha o195 b. Ma tod с. Wi ou int room were also asked whether they noticed the shirt. In the study, the participants significantly overesti- mated the actual number of people who had noticed. a. In a similar study using a sample of n 9 partici- pants, the individuals who wore the shirt produced an average estimate of M = 6.4 with SS = 162. The average number who said they noticed was 3.1. Is the estimate from the participants signifi- cantly different from the actual number? Test the null hypothesis that the true mean is u = 3.1 using a two-tailed test with a = .05 b. Is the estimate from the participants significantly higher than the actual number (u 3.1)? Use 16. Weins that s while teste simp In a s 20. ogy be a over n = of M one-tailed test with a = .05. this 14. Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off nrado pro tail 17. Ac wh