To adjust the playback frequency by one octave, you can send the command "INC FREQ" to increase the frequency, and "DEC FREQ" to decrease the frequency. These commands will increment or decrement the playback frequency in one-octave steps, effectively doubling or halving the frequency. It's important to ensure that the adjusted frequency remains within the human hearing range, which spans from 20Hz to 20kHz. #include #include #include "buzzer.h" // Values used to write to the TCA0.SINGLE.PERBUF register. #define TONE1_PER 10256 //10241 #define TONE2_PER 12210  //12179 #define TONE3_PER 7680 #define TONE4_PER 20576  //20483 uint16_t elapsed_time = 0; volatile uint16_t display_time = 20; void buzzer_on(const uint8_t tone) {     static const uint16_t periods[4] = {TONE1_PER, TONE2_PER, TONE3_PER, TONE4_PER};     if (elapsed_time < display_time){         TCA0.SINGLE.PERBUF = periods[tone];         TCA0.SINGLE.CMP0BUF = periods[tone]*0.5;         elapsed_time++;     }else{         buzzer_off();     } } void buzzer_off(void) {     TCA0.SINGLE.CMP0BUF = 0;     elapsed_time = 0; }

Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
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To adjust the playback frequency by one octave, you can send the command "INC FREQ" to increase the frequency, and "DEC FREQ" to decrease the frequency. These commands will increment or decrement the playback frequency in one-octave steps, effectively doubling or halving the frequency. It's important to ensure that the adjusted frequency remains within the human hearing range, which spans from 20Hz to 20kHz.
#include <avr/io.h>

#include <stdint.h>

#include "buzzer.h"

// Values used to write to the TCA0.SINGLE.PERBUF register.
#define TONE1_PER 10256 //10241
#define TONE2_PER 12210  //12179
#define TONE3_PER 7680
#define TONE4_PER 20576  //20483

uint16_t elapsed_time = 0;
volatile uint16_t display_time = 20;

void buzzer_on(const uint8_t tone)
{
    static const uint16_t periods[4] = {TONE1_PER, TONE2_PER, TONE3_PER, TONE4_PER};
    if (elapsed_time < display_time){
        TCA0.SINGLE.PERBUF = periods[tone];
        TCA0.SINGLE.CMP0BUF = periods[tone]*0.5;
        elapsed_time++;
    }else{
        buzzer_off();
    }
}

void buzzer_off(void)
{
    TCA0.SINGLE.CMP0BUF = 0;
    elapsed_time = 0;
}
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