Three tool materials are to be compared for the same finish turning operation on a batch of 100 steel parts: high speed steel, cemented carbide, and ceramic. For the high speed steel tool, the 170 Taylor equation parameters are: n = 0.125 and C = 70. The price of the HSS tool is $15.00 and it is estimated that it can be ground and reground 15 times at a cost of $1.50. Tool change time = 3 min. Both carbide and ceramic tools are in insert form and can be held in the same mechanical toolholder. The Taylor equation parameters for the cemented carbide are: n = 0.25 and C = 500; and for the ceramic: n = 0.6 and C = 3,000. The cost per insert for the carbide = $6.00 and for the ceramic = $8.00. Number of cutting edges per insert in both cases = 6. Tool change time = 1.0 min for both tools. Time to change parts = 2.0 min. Feed = 0.25 mm/rev, and depth = 3.0 mm. The cost of machine time = $30/hr. The part dimensions are: diameter = 56.0 mm and length = 290 mm. Setup time for the batch is 2.0 hr. For the three tooling cases, compare: (a) cutting speeds for minimum cost, (b) tool lives, (c) cycle time, (d) cost per production unit, (e) total time to complete the batch and production rate. (f) What is the proportion of time spent actually cutting metal for each tooling?