Three modes of selection: The Directional Selection bigger is always better, Stabilizing Selection either extreme isn't useful and Disruptive Selection both extremes do well. Why would intermediate do worst in Disruptive Selection?

Three modes of selection: The Directional Selection bigger is always better, Stabilizing Selection either extreme isn't useful and Disruptive Selection both extremes do well. Why would intermediate do worst in Disruptive Selection?

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter19: Evolutionary Change In Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TYU: The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN...

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Concept explainers

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.

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Three modes of selection:
The Directional Selection bigger is always better, Stabilizing Selection either extreme isn't useful and
Disruptive Selection both extremes do well. Why would intermediate do worst in Disruptive
Selection?

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In the following form of selection, one extreme of a variable character is selected for: Directional Selection Stabilizing Selection Disruptive Selection
Stabilizing selection happens when O Large and small values of a trait are selected against Medium values of a trait are selected against Only large OR small values of a trait are selected against
Under which of the following scenarios would variation be maintained? Selection acting on a dominant high fitness allele Selection acting on a recessive high fitness allele Selection favoring heterozygotes Selection acting against heterozygotes None of the above
The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantage
Disruptive Trait The figure above shows disruptive selection. The trait distribution changes from the black line to the green (lighter) line. During disruptive selection as shown above The standard deviation of the trait distribution decreases The standard deviation of the trait distribution increases The mean value of the trait distribution is selected for The mean value of the trait distribution in the population becomes smaller The mean value of the trait distribution in the population becomes larger Frequency
Selection operates on a trait with a normal distribution. If after selection, the mean in the trait has not changed, but the frequency In the trait has increased at the extremes, of: O disruptive (or diversifying) selection O directional selection O stabilizing selection O frequency-dependent selection
Which of the following statements about genetic fitness and/or selection is false? Group of answer choices Individuals with low fitness have greater selection coefficients Fitness involves both relative viability and reproductive success Individuals with high fitness have greater selection coefficients Selection against recessive alleles tends to be slower overall than dominant alleles because of the survival in heterozygotes
Which of the following is likely to be observed if there has been a strong positive selection on a particular genetic locus within a population? Group of answer choices There will be a lot of variation in DNA surrounding the genetic locus in question within the population. There will very little variation in DNA surrounding the genetic locus in question within the population. You will see very low frequencies of the genetic locus in question
Mark each statement as True/ False while describing frequency dependent, frequency independent and sexual selection. In negative frequency selection, rare phenotypes are selected against In positive frequency selection, the more common phenotype is selected for The long mane of the male lion which is not present in females is an example of sexual dimorphism An example of the handicap principle can be seen in the similar body forms of male and female birds such as the mourning dove The antlers seen in male antelope, caribou, and mountain goats are example of sexual dimorphism
Over many generations, a population of brown rabbits changes to have darker fur. The light brown fur color is selected against and the dark brown fur color is selected for. * O Disruptive Selection Stabilizing Selection Directional Selection Neutral Selection Lenovo %24 6 b n shift
In a population of frogs, individuals with green coloration are camouflaged on leaves and are less likely to be eaten by predators. However, as the number of green frogs increases, predators learn to search for them more effectively, making it advantageous to be a less common color. What type of selection is occurring in this scenario? Disruptive selection 8888 Positive frequency-dependent selection Stabilizing selection Negative frequency-dependent selection Directional selection
Describe the similarities and differences among directional, balancing, disruptive, and stabilizing selection.