Three charges are arranged along a line. On the left, a charge (A) of 7.0 x 10C is fixed. A second charge (B) of -2.0 x 10C is located 0.5 m to the right of charge A. Finally, a third fixed charge (C) of 3.0 x 10 C is located 0.3 m from charge B. Calculate the net force acting on charge B due to the two fixed charges.

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of 1200 V, it gains 1200 eV of kinetic energy. Using the known charge on an
electron, it is easy to see that 1 eV = 1.6 x 10-9 I. Thus, 1200 eV = 1.92 x
10-1 J. Using the known mass of the electron (9.1 x 10-3 kg), we can deter-
mine the velocity of electrons in these devices. In our example:
1.92 x 10 "J=9.1x10
x10kg)v²
and
v= 2.05 x 10 m/s
Misconceptions
It is important to remember that the potential difference (or voltage) is a
measure of the work done per charge (APE/q) in units of J/C or volts.
This is the essence of the battery, which stores potential difference using
two different metals (such as lead and zinc) and an acid to produce an
electrochemical reaction. We will not go into the details of the chemistry
involved in battery design here.
162
Easy Physics Step-by-Step
Finally, we do not have space to go into all details of electrostatics, but
you should know that a simple device for storing static charges (using the
design of parallel plates and an insulating material known as a dielectric)
is called a capacitor. Capacitors play a very important role in advanced
circuits, but we will be discussing only simple electric circuits in the next
chapter. The capacitor is quantified by its capacitance, C (its ability to store
charge when connected to a voltage source), in units of farads (F) such that
C = q/V
More information about capacitors can be found in more advanced phys-
ics books.
Problem-Solving Strategies to Avoid Missteps
As you solve problems with electrostatic forces and fields, it is always impor-
tant to remember (as we have repeated many times) that Coulomb's Law is
an inverse square law. This means you must make sure not only to use the
correct units but to remember the force varies inversely with the square of
the distance between the two charges. Additionally, even if you have elec-
trons moving in free space, the direction of the electric field is the direction
that a positive test charge would go. Finally, the voltage source is referred to
as a source of potential difference equal to the work done per unit coulomb
of charge (1 C = 6.25 x 10" elementary charges). The problem-solving ring is
always available for you to consult as you plan a problem-solving strategy.
Exercise 14.1
1. Three charges are arranged along a line. On the left, a charge (A) of 7.0
x 10- C is fixed. A second charge (B) of -2.0 x 10- C is located 0.5 m
to the right of charge A. Finaly, a third fixed charge (C) of 3.0 x 104 C is
located 0.3 m from charge B. Calculate the net force acting on charge B
due to the two fixed charges.
2. A proton is accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 800 V
between two parallel plates. Calculate the kinetic energy gained by the
proton in units of eV and joules. Using the known mass of a proton (1.67
x 10-7 kg), calculate the velocity gained by the proton.
Transcribed Image Text:of 1200 V, it gains 1200 eV of kinetic energy. Using the known charge on an electron, it is easy to see that 1 eV = 1.6 x 10-9 I. Thus, 1200 eV = 1.92 x 10-1 J. Using the known mass of the electron (9.1 x 10-3 kg), we can deter- mine the velocity of electrons in these devices. In our example: 1.92 x 10 "J=9.1x10 x10kg)v² and v= 2.05 x 10 m/s Misconceptions It is important to remember that the potential difference (or voltage) is a measure of the work done per charge (APE/q) in units of J/C or volts. This is the essence of the battery, which stores potential difference using two different metals (such as lead and zinc) and an acid to produce an electrochemical reaction. We will not go into the details of the chemistry involved in battery design here. 162 Easy Physics Step-by-Step Finally, we do not have space to go into all details of electrostatics, but you should know that a simple device for storing static charges (using the design of parallel plates and an insulating material known as a dielectric) is called a capacitor. Capacitors play a very important role in advanced circuits, but we will be discussing only simple electric circuits in the next chapter. The capacitor is quantified by its capacitance, C (its ability to store charge when connected to a voltage source), in units of farads (F) such that C = q/V More information about capacitors can be found in more advanced phys- ics books. Problem-Solving Strategies to Avoid Missteps As you solve problems with electrostatic forces and fields, it is always impor- tant to remember (as we have repeated many times) that Coulomb's Law is an inverse square law. This means you must make sure not only to use the correct units but to remember the force varies inversely with the square of the distance between the two charges. Additionally, even if you have elec- trons moving in free space, the direction of the electric field is the direction that a positive test charge would go. Finally, the voltage source is referred to as a source of potential difference equal to the work done per unit coulomb of charge (1 C = 6.25 x 10" elementary charges). The problem-solving ring is always available for you to consult as you plan a problem-solving strategy. Exercise 14.1 1. Three charges are arranged along a line. On the left, a charge (A) of 7.0 x 10- C is fixed. A second charge (B) of -2.0 x 10- C is located 0.5 m to the right of charge A. Finaly, a third fixed charge (C) of 3.0 x 104 C is located 0.3 m from charge B. Calculate the net force acting on charge B due to the two fixed charges. 2. A proton is accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 800 V between two parallel plates. Calculate the kinetic energy gained by the proton in units of eV and joules. Using the known mass of a proton (1.67 x 10-7 kg), calculate the velocity gained by the proton.
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