This thyristor crowbar circuit is a simple, effective method of protecting output against overvoltage. What would happen when the voltage output reaches a "dangerous" level in that circuit? TRI Fuse 10 to 15 volts. 5 volts unregulated voltage ZD1 series pass transistor protected output SCRI C1 RI The SCR over voltage crowbar protection circuit the zener diode ZD1 becomes forward biased, that in turns switches "OFF" the SCR1, that interrupts output current the SCR1 turns "ON" connecting overvoltage to ground the zener diode, ZD1. enters zener regulation region, which causes the output voltage to return to a normal 5V the SCR1 turns "OFF" disconnecting overvoltage from the output

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Photoelectric

The photoelectric effect occurs when light (or similar incident radiation, including X-rays) falls on material together with a metal plate and causes it to emit electrons. The discovery of the photoelectric effect led to important new theories (and to a Nobel Prize for Albert Einstein). Photoelectric cells, or photocells, are utilized in burglar-alarm light detectors and garage-door openers (each employs a through-beam of light this is broken when something movements throughout it), and also to play soundtracks on film movies (in which a light beam shines through the soundtrack encoded at the film and is "read" with the aid of the photocells).