This study Or studying the lab manual itself. signed exercises. You should know all of the terms in bold in your lab manual Exercise 5 – The Cell Cycle and Mitosis. 1. What is the cell cycle? What are the phases of the cell cycle (include the subphases of interphase and the subphases of mitosis)? What happens in each of these phases? What is cytokinesis? What is the Go phase? Give an example of a cell that enters the Go phase. 2. Why is mitosis necessary? 3. How many daughter cells are formed during mitosis? What is their genetic relationship? If the parent cell had 46 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis? 4. Know how to identify interphase and each phase of mitosis on an image of a microscope slide. You should know how to do this for both Ascaris and whitefish blastula rercise 6-Movement of Molecules: Diffusion and Osmosis. 5. Define diffusion. Is diffusion a passive or an active process? Explain how solute moves in this way. 6. Use your knowledge of diffusion to explain what happened over time when you observed a crystal of methylene blue dropped into a beaker of water. Be sure to use equilibrium in your explanation. 7. Explain your observations over time after a drop of methylene blue and a drop of potassium permanganate were placed in the agar. What factors affect the rate of diffusion? 8. What is dialysis and how does this movement take place? During your observation of the experiments, which molecules/ions were able to pass through the dialysis tubing? What does this tell you about the relative size of these molecules/ions? Use the table on the next page to explam how you determined the identity of the molecules/ions that diffused out of the dialysis tubing.
Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
![atory manual for the assigned exercises.
You are responsible for all &
parent cell had 46 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each
and the subphases of mitosis)? What happens in each of these phases? What is cytokinesis? What
1. What is the cell cycle? What are the phases of the cell cycle (include the subphases of interphase
This study guide is to help you focus your efforts, not to substitute for studying the lab manual itself.
4. Know how to identify interphase and each phase of mitosis on an image of a microscope slide.
3. How many daughter cells are formed during mitosis? What is their genetic relationship? If the
You should know all of the terms in bold in your lab manual
Exercise 5 – The Cell Cycle and Mitosis.
is the Go phase? Give an example of a cell that enters the Ga nhà
2. Why is mitosis necessary?
daughter cell have after cytokinesis?
You should know how to do this for both Ascaris and whitefish blastula
Exercise 6-Movement of Molecules: Diffusion and Osmosis.
5. Define diffusion. Is diffusion a passive or an active process? Explain how solute moves in this
way.
6. Use your knowledge of diffusion to explain what happened over time when you observed a crystal
of methylene blue dropped into a beaker of water. Be sure to use equilibrium in your explanation.
7. Explain your observations over time after a drop of methylene blue and a drop of potassium
permanganate were placed in the agar. What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
8. What is dialysis and how does this movement take place? During your observation of the
experiments, which molecules/ions were able to pass through the dialysis tubing? What does this
tell you about the relative size of these molecules/ions? Use the table on the next page to explaim
now you determined the identity of the molecules/ions that diffused out of the dialysis tubing.
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![The following reagents were used to perform tests during the dialysis experiments. Explain what
Negative Result Color
Positive Result Color
Reagent
Testing for presence of:
Silver Nitrate
lodine
Benedict's
Biuret
9. Explain why the dialysis tubing is a semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane.
10. What was the purpose of running negative and positive controls?
11. Define osmosis. Explain how a solvent moves in this way. Is osmosis a passive or an active
process?
12. What is a hypotonic solution, isotonic solution, and hypertonic solution?
13. The solute concentration inside of a red blood cell is equivalent to .9% NaCl. For each of the
larero three salt solutions tested (0%, .9%, and 5%), state whether the test tube turned transparent or
nocloudy and whether the red blood cells hemolyzed, crenated, or remained normal. Explain the
appearance of each test tube and state of the red blood cells using your knowledge of isotonic,
hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions.
Exercise 7- Introduction to Histology
14. What are tissues? Name the four major types of tissues in the human body.
15. Name the three primary germ layers. Name the primary germ lavers from which epithelial tissues
looolom o
and connective tissues develop.
16. List general characteristics that all epithelial tissues have in common.
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