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This is a linear biochemical pathway

This is a linear biochemical pathway

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**This is a linear biochemical pathway** The diagram depicts a linear biochemical pathway involved in the urea cycle. This cycle is primarily responsible for converting ammonia, which is toxic to the body, into urea for excretion. Below is a detailed description of the molecules involved and the enzymes that catalyze each step in the pathway: ### Molecules and Labels: 1. **L-ornithine** 2. **Carbamoyl phosphate** 3. **L-citrulline** 4. **Argininosuccinate** 5. **Fumarate** 6. **L-arginine** 7. **Urea** ### Enzymes: - **CPS-1:** Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I - **OTC:** Ornithine transcarbamoylase - **ASS:** Argininosuccinate synthetase - **ASL:** Argininosuccinate lyase - **ARG1:** Arginase 1 ### Pathway Description: 1. **CPS-1 Reaction:** - The reaction involves the transformation of ammonia (NH₃), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate. - Byproducts: 2 ADP and an inorganic phosphate (Pᵢ). 2. **OTC Reaction:** - Carbamoyl phosphate reacts with L-ornithine to form citrulline. - This reaction also involves the release of an inorganic phosphate. 3. **ASS Reaction:** - Citrulline condenses with aspartate (L-Asp) in a reaction driven by ATP to form argininosuccinate. - Byproducts: AMP and pyrophosphate (PPᵢ). 4. **ASL Reaction:** - Argininosuccinate is then split into two molecules; fumarate and arginine. 5. **ARG1 Reaction:** - Arginine is hydrolyzed by arginase to produce urea and ornithine, thus completing the cycle. ### Additional Structure: - There is a molecular diagram provided showing the structure of one of the intermediates in the cycle (L-aspartate). - The structure has two hydroxyl groups (OH), one amine group (NH₂), and a carbon-based backbone. ### Quiz: A question is provided for the students to test their understanding
Transcribed Image Text:**This is a linear biochemical pathway** The diagram depicts a linear biochemical pathway involved in the urea cycle. This cycle is primarily responsible for converting ammonia, which is toxic to the body, into urea for excretion. Below is a detailed description of the molecules involved and the enzymes that catalyze each step in the pathway: ### Molecules and Labels: 1. **L-ornithine** 2. **Carbamoyl phosphate** 3. **L-citrulline** 4. **Argininosuccinate** 5. **Fumarate** 6. **L-arginine** 7. **Urea** ### Enzymes: - **CPS-1:** Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I - **OTC:** Ornithine transcarbamoylase - **ASS:** Argininosuccinate synthetase - **ASL:** Argininosuccinate lyase - **ARG1:** Arginase 1 ### Pathway Description: 1. **CPS-1 Reaction:** - The reaction involves the transformation of ammonia (NH₃), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate. - Byproducts: 2 ADP and an inorganic phosphate (Pᵢ). 2. **OTC Reaction:** - Carbamoyl phosphate reacts with L-ornithine to form citrulline. - This reaction also involves the release of an inorganic phosphate. 3. **ASS Reaction:** - Citrulline condenses with aspartate (L-Asp) in a reaction driven by ATP to form argininosuccinate. - Byproducts: AMP and pyrophosphate (PPᵢ). 4. **ASL Reaction:** - Argininosuccinate is then split into two molecules; fumarate and arginine. 5. **ARG1 Reaction:** - Arginine is hydrolyzed by arginase to produce urea and ornithine, thus completing the cycle. ### Additional Structure: - There is a molecular diagram provided showing the structure of one of the intermediates in the cycle (L-aspartate). - The structure has two hydroxyl groups (OH), one amine group (NH₂), and a carbon-based backbone. ### Quiz: A question is provided for the students to test their understanding
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