PLTW EngineeringActivity 3.8 Precision and Accuracy ofMeasurementIntroductionThis concept of random and systematic errors is related to the precision and accuracyof measurements. Precision characterizes the system's probability of providing thesame result every time a sample is measured (related to random error). Accuracycharacterizes the system's ability to provide a mean close to the true value when asample is measured many times (related to systematic error). We can determine theprecision of a measurement instrument by making repeated measurements of the samesample and calculating the standard deviation of those measurements. However, wewill not be able to correct any single measurement due to a low precision instrument.Simply stated, the effects of random uncertainties can be reduced by repeatedmeasurement, but it is not possible to correct for random errors.We can determine the accuracy of a measurement instrument by comparing theexperimental mean of a large number of measurements of a sample for which we knowthe "true value" of the characteristic of the sample. A sample for which we know the"true value" would be our calibration standard. We may also need to characterize theaccuracy of the measurement instrument by observing historical trends in thedistribution of measured values for the calibration standard (this allows for determiningthe systematic error expected from environmental effects, etc.). The effects ofsystematic uncertainties cannot be reduced by repeated measurements. The cause ofsystematic errors may be known or unknown. If both the cause and the value of asystematic error are known, it can be corrected for by "subtracting" the known deviation.However, there will still remain a systematic uncertainty component associated with thiscorrection.Equipment• Engineering notebook• Gauge blockDial caliper

Accuracy and precision are crucial concepts in science, and their definitions are frequently…

This concept of random and systematic errors is related to the precision and accuracy of measurements. Precision characterizes the system's probability of providing the same result every time a sample is measured (related to random error). Accuracy characterizes the system's ability to provide a mean close to the true value when a sample is measured many times (related to systematic error). We can determine the precision of a measurement instrument by making repeated measurements of the same sample and calculating the standard deviation of those measurements. However, we will not be able to correct any single measurement due to a low precision instrument. Simply stated, the effects of random uncertainties can be reduced by repeated measurement, but it is not possible to correct for random errors.

This concept of random and systematic errors is related to the precision and accuracy of measurements. Precision characterizes the system's probability of providing the same result every time a sample is measured (related to random error). Accuracy characterizes the system's ability to provide a mean close to the true value when a sample is measured many times (related to systematic error). We can determine the precision of a measurement instrument by making repeated measurements of the same sample and calculating the standard deviation of those measurements. However, we will not be able to correct any single measurement due to a low precision instrument. Simply stated, the effects of random uncertainties can be reduced by repeated measurement, but it is not possible to correct for random errors.

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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Question

PLTW Engineering
Activity 3.8 Precision and Accuracy of
Measurement
Introduction
This concept of random and systematic errors is related to the precision and accuracy
of measurements. Precision characterizes the system's probability of providing the
same result every time a sample is measured (related to random error). Accuracy
characterizes the system's ability to provide a mean close to the true value when a
sample is measured many times (related to systematic error). We can determine the
precision of a measurement instrument by making repeated measurements of the same
sample and calculating the standard deviation of those measurements. However, we
will not be able to correct any single measurement due to a low precision instrument.
Simply stated, the effects of random uncertainties can be reduced by repeated
measurement, but it is not possible to correct for random errors.
We can determine the accuracy of a measurement instrument by comparing the
experimental mean of a large number of measurements of a sample for which we know
the "true value" of the characteristic of the sample. A sample for which we know the
"true value" would be our calibration standard. We may also need to characterize the
accuracy of the measurement instrument by observing historical trends in the
distribution of measured values for the calibration standard (this allows for determining
the systematic error expected from environmental effects, etc.). The effects of
systematic uncertainties cannot be reduced by repeated measurements. The cause of
systematic errors may be known or unknown. If both the cause and the value of a
systematic error are known, it can be corrected for by "subtracting" the known deviation.
However, there will still remain a systematic uncertainty component associated with this
correction.
Equipment
• Engineering notebook
• Gauge block
Dial caliper

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