They have a very strange money system in Byteland. Each Byteland gold coin has a whole number written on it. Coin n can be exchanged at the bank for three coins: n/2, n/3 and n/4. But these numbers are all rounded down (banks have to make a profit). You can also sell Byteland Coins for US Dollars. The exchange rate is 1:1. But you cannot buy Byteland coins. You have one gold coin. What is the maximum US dollar amount you can get for this? Note: Please answer the question in Python only: Output 13 2 Input 12 2
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- Suppose you have a knapsack that can carry up to 17 pounds. You can only put certain items, and each item has a weight and a value. You want to put the items that will give you the highest possible value, but you can only carry up to 15 pounds. Here are the items you can put and their weights and values: I Weight value Value/Weight 1 2 10 5 2 4 30 7.5 3 6 50 8.33 4 9 70 7.78 5 10 80 8 Table 1: Caption Your task is to solve the Knapsack Problem using a greedy approach.Hints:- Sort the items by their value-to-weight ratio in descending order. Start with the item with the highest value-to-weight ratio and add it to the knapsack. - Continue adding items to the knapsack in descending order of their value-to-weight ratio until the knapsack is full or there are no more items left. - Your solution should output the total value of the items in the knapsack and the list of items that you have put. -This…Please look at attached photos. It needs to pass all of the simulations. Thanks in advance Cryptography is the practice of encryption. Information Security uses cryptography techniques to encrypt and decrypt data. A simple encryption method might take plaintext and mix up the letters using some predetermined pattern and then use that pattern to decrypt the data for reading. Ciphers are the algorithms used to put the data into its secret pattern and then systematically decrypt it for reading. This script is going to use a famous simple cipher called the Caesar Cipher. It is a substitution cipher where each letter in the text is 'shifted' in a certain number of places. It uses the alphabet as the primary pattern and then based on the shift number, it would shift all the letters and replace the alphabet with our pattern. For example, if our shift number was 3, then A would be replaced with D, if we performed a right shift. As an example: Text = "THE CAT IS VISIBLE AT MIDNIGHT" Ciphertext…Java Code Dreamworld is known for his uniqueness and there are 2 different denomination coins in Dreamworld, 1-cent coins and 2 cents coins. They have two faces - heads and tails. Your job is to find a number of ways to make a line order for these coins using the so that their total value is N cents. The only condition in line planning is that the first coin in the plan should have heads at the top. All other coins can have tails or heads at the top. Take N = 2 as an example. Possible arrangements are (1H, 1H), (2H), (1H, 1T), where H is primary and T is the tail. So, there are 3 possible plans that cost 2 cents. Input: 1 3 Output: 8 00
- Implement the one-time pad encryption scheme in Microsoft Excel. Your worksheet should look as follows: For Encryption: - Have the message occupy adjacent cells in one row, with one bit of the message in each cell. Align the key (the one-time pad) with the message in the next row. Note that the key should be of the same length as the message. In the next row, enter a formula that computes the ciphertext. Decryption is similar: - Have the ciphertext occupy adjacent cells in one row, with one bit of the ciphertext in each cell. Align the key (the one-time pad) with the ciphertxt in the next row. Note that the key should be of the same length as the ciphertext. In the next row, enter a formula that computes the plaintext (message). .Jojo, Lili and Bibi are playing together. Because they had just learned the alphabet, Jojo also proposed a game using the alphabet to hone and deepen their abilities. The game is a game of changing strings. Initially Jojo has an X string. The X string will be changed through several processes given by Jojo. The process is changing an alphabet Ai to Bi. Each alphabet can only be changed once. After all processes take place. Jojo just wants to find out how many characters Bi are in the string X. If the alphabet does not appear in the string, the character does not need to be displayed. The alphabet displayed must be ordered by alphabet. Lili and Bibi want to do it, but they doubt their answer, for that they ask for your help to make an answer for the Jojo game. Format Input The input will consist of several lines of input in ”testdata.in” file. First consists of T, the number of test cases. For each testcase consists of several lines. The first line consists of the X string, Jojo’s…Write a program that coverts a zip code to a bar code. The bar codes use large and small bars. We will use : as a small bar and | as a large bar. Each digit has its own bar pattern. 1 is :::|| 2 is ::|:| 3 is ::||: 4 is :|::| 5 is :|:|: 6 is :||:: 7 is |:::| 8 is |::|: 9 is |:|:: 0 is ||::: The barcode also includes a check digit. The final digit added to the bar code verifies the previous numbers are correct. To Determine the checksum: Add all the digits together Determine what needs to be added to make the total a multiple of 10 The bar code also always starts and ends with a large bar. This is used by the scanner to align the letter. Drexel's Zip Code is 19104 The check digit is 5. The sum of the digits is 1+9+1+0+4 = 15. To make 15 a multiple of 10, we need to add 5. The bar code will be |:::|||:|:::::||||::::|::|:|:|:| The majority of work in this problem is done by digit. It makes sense to store the zip code as a string, not as an integer. Write the function checksum(zip)…
- Write a program that coverts a zip code to a bar code. The bar codes use large and small bars. We will use : as a small bar and | as a large bar. Each digit has its own bar pattern. 1 is :::|| 2 is ::|:| 3 is ::||: 4 is :|::| 5 is :|:|: 6 is :||:: 7 is |:::| 8 is |::|: 9 is |:|:: 0 is ||::: The barcode also includes a check digit. The final digit added to the bar code verifies the previous numbers are correct. To Determine the checksum: Add all the digits together Determine what needs to be added to make the total a multiple of 10 The bar code also always starts and ends with a large bar. This is used by the scanner to align the letter. Drexel's Zip Code is 19104 The check digit is 5. The sum of the digits is 1+9+1+0+4 = 15. To make 15 a multiple of 10, we need to add 5. The bar code will be |:::|||:|:::::||||::::|::|:|:|:| The majority of work in this problem is done by digit. It makes sense to store the zip code as a string, not as an integer. Write the function checksum(zip)…Write a program that can be used by MG-Train to purchase tickets. The train has three cars. Car #1 has 10 seats (rows: 1 – 5, columns: A and D), Car #2 has 20 seats (rows: 1 – 5, columns: A, C, and D), and Car #3 has 20 seats (rows: 1 – 5, columns: A, B, C, and D). Each car has different seat price (Car #1: $300, Car #2: $200, and Car #3: $100). The program should display a screen that shows which seats are available and which are taken. For example, the following screen shows a chart depicting each seat in the train. Seats that are taken are represented by an symbol, and seats that are available are represented by a symbolSuppose you can buy chocolate bars from a vending machine for $1 each.Inside every chocolate bar is a coupon. You can redeem 7 coupons for 1chocolate bar from the machine.For example, if you have $20, you can initially buy 20 chocolate bars.This gives you 20 coupons. You can redeem 14 coupons for 2 additionalchocolate bars. These 2 chocolate bars have 2 more coupons, so you now have atotal of 8 coupons. This gives you enough to redeem for 1 final chocolate bar.Write a recursive function that would accept the amount of dollars andcoupons as its parameters and output the total number of chocolate bars thatcan be bought (including those redeemed via coupons).Write a test program in C++that would allow the user to enter amount of dollarsand then use the recursive function to compute the number of chocolate barsthe user can buy, and output the number to the screen.
- A simple and very old method of sending secret messages is the substitution cipher. You might have used this cipher with your friends when you were a kid. Basically, each letter of the alphabet gets replaced by another letter of the alphabet. For example, every 'a' get replaced with an 'X', and every 'b' gets replaced with a 'Z', etc. Write a program thats ask a user to enter a secret message. Encrypt this message using the substitution cipher and display the encrypted message. Then decryped the encrypted message back to the original message. You may use the 2 strings below for your subsitition. For example, to encrypt you can replace the character at position n in alphabet with the character at position n in key. To decrypt you can replace the character at position n in key with the character at position n in alphabet. Have fun! And make the cipher stronger if you wish! Currently the cipher only substitutes letters - you could easily add digits, puncuation, whitespace and so forth.…Write up Java source code for compiling and execution of program below. There is a very simple solution to keeping Tic-tac-toe fresh and interesting, though, and it has been thought up by a group of mathematicians. It’s being called Ultimate Tic-tac-toe and simply embeds a Tic-tac-toe board in each of the nine squares of the original game. Now instead of just winning the main board, you also need to win each of the smaller boards first until you have a line of three. New Rule: You can only place a mark on the board determined by the position of your opponent’s last placed mark. So, if they put an X or O in the top right corner of a square, your next move must occur in the top right board. By adding that rule the game is no longer about winning a single board, it’s about tactically managing up to 9 games at once and plotting ahead. You still win by marking three squares in a row, but that now involves winning three games. The effects of the New Rule: 1: Your opponent can force you to…Random J. Programmer discovers a much faster method of generating a 64-bits signature for a message using secret key technology. The idea is to simply encrypt the first 64 bits of the message, and use that as the signature. What’s wrong with this idea?