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There are two alleles for the arr gene, A and a. There are also two alleles for bee gene, B and b. The two genes are on a chromosome that is 1.5 micrometers in length, but it has yet to be determined if the two genes are linked. Below is data from a study to determine if the genes are linked, and if so, how far apart the genes are on the chromosome.

There are two alleles for the arr gene, A and a. There are also two alleles for bee gene, B and b. The two genes are on a chromosome that is 1.5 micrometers in length, but it has yet to be determined if the two genes are linked. Below is data from a study to determine if the genes are linked, and if so, how far apart the genes are on the chromosome.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
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Question 9: FOR THIS QUESTION, EXCEL *MUST* BE USED TO CALCULATE THE P-VALUE FOR CHI SQUARED!

Can you answer all the parts to this question, with clearly showing which part you're answering and make sure to round accordingly. 

### Gene Linkage Analysis: arr and bee Genes **Background Information:** - There are two alleles for the *arr* gene: A and a. - There are two alleles for the *bee* gene: B and b. - These genes are located on a chromosome that is 1.5 micrometers in length. - The objective is to determine if these two genes are linked. **Experiment Overview:** - An organism heterozygous for both the *arr* and *bee* genes is crossed with an organism homozygous recessive for both genes. - By analyzing the offspring, we can determine if the genes are linked. **Hypotheses:** 1. The *arr* and *bee* genes are independent of each other. 2. The *arr* and *bee* genes are linked. **Question:** - Which of these hypotheses is the null hypothesis? (Enter 1 or 2 in the answer box) **Observed Genotypic Abundances of the Offspring:** | Genotype | Abundance | |----------|-----------| | Aa Bb | 47 | | Aa bb | 23 | | aa Bb | 31 | | aa bb | 39 | **Instructions:** - Use the predicted and observed data to perform a chi-squared test to assess if the two genes *arr* and *bee* are linked. - Consult the video below for guidance on performing calculations in Excel.
Transcribed Image Text:### Gene Linkage Analysis: arr and bee Genes **Background Information:** - There are two alleles for the *arr* gene: A and a. - There are two alleles for the *bee* gene: B and b. - These genes are located on a chromosome that is 1.5 micrometers in length. - The objective is to determine if these two genes are linked. **Experiment Overview:** - An organism heterozygous for both the *arr* and *bee* genes is crossed with an organism homozygous recessive for both genes. - By analyzing the offspring, we can determine if the genes are linked. **Hypotheses:** 1. The *arr* and *bee* genes are independent of each other. 2. The *arr* and *bee* genes are linked. **Question:** - Which of these hypotheses is the null hypothesis? (Enter 1 or 2 in the answer box) **Observed Genotypic Abundances of the Offspring:** | Genotype | Abundance | |----------|-----------| | Aa Bb | 47 | | Aa bb | 23 | | aa Bb | 31 | | aa bb | 39 | **Instructions:** - Use the predicted and observed data to perform a chi-squared test to assess if the two genes *arr* and *bee* are linked. - Consult the video below for guidance on performing calculations in Excel.
**Chi-Squared Analysis and P-Value Calculation** 1. **Calculated Value of Chi-Squared:** - Determine your calculated value of chi-squared and enter it in the designated box. - **Note:** Report your answer to **four decimal places**. - **Important:** Further calculations should be performed in Excel on the unrounded number. 2. **Calculation of P-Value:** - Use the formula `=(1-chisq.dist(x, df, TRUE))` in Excel, where: - **x** is the calculated value of chi squared, - **df** is the degrees of freedom, - **TRUE** signifies a cumulative distribution function. - Enter the P-value in the provided box. - **Note:** Report your answer to **four decimal places**. 3. **Hypothesis Testing:** - Using an alpha value of **0.05**, determine whether you "fail to reject" or "reject" the null hypothesis. - Enter your decision in the box. 4. **Gene Linkage Analysis:** - If genes are linked, determine the distance in micrometers based on the percentage of offspring experiencing crossing over. - If genes are not linked, enter "n/a" in the box below. - Report your answer: - In micrometers, - To four decimal places, - Or enter "n/a" if not linked.
Transcribed Image Text:**Chi-Squared Analysis and P-Value Calculation** 1. **Calculated Value of Chi-Squared:** - Determine your calculated value of chi-squared and enter it in the designated box. - **Note:** Report your answer to **four decimal places**. - **Important:** Further calculations should be performed in Excel on the unrounded number. 2. **Calculation of P-Value:** - Use the formula `=(1-chisq.dist(x, df, TRUE))` in Excel, where: - **x** is the calculated value of chi squared, - **df** is the degrees of freedom, - **TRUE** signifies a cumulative distribution function. - Enter the P-value in the provided box. - **Note:** Report your answer to **four decimal places**. 3. **Hypothesis Testing:** - Using an alpha value of **0.05**, determine whether you "fail to reject" or "reject" the null hypothesis. - Enter your decision in the box. 4. **Gene Linkage Analysis:** - If genes are linked, determine the distance in micrometers based on the percentage of offspring experiencing crossing over. - If genes are not linked, enter "n/a" in the box below. - Report your answer: - In micrometers, - To four decimal places, - Or enter "n/a" if not linked.
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