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There are three major classes of protein make up the cytoskeleton of a typical animal cell. What ar they, and what are the differences in their functions? Which cytoskeletal filaments would be most plentiful in a muscle cell or in an epidermal cell making up the outer layer of the skin? Explain your answers. QUESTION 1-12 Natural selection is such a powerful force in evolution because organisms or cells with even a small reproductive advantage will eventually outnumber their competitors. To illustrate how quickly this process can occur, consider a cell culture that contains 1 million bacterial cells that double every 20 minutes. A single cell in this culture acquires a mutation that allows it to divide faster, with a generation time of only 15 minutes. Assuming that there is an unlimited food supply and no cell death, how long woul it take before the progeny of the mutated cell became predominant in the culture? (Before you go through the calculation, make a guess: do you think it would take abou a day, a week, a month, or a year?) How many cells of eith type are present in the culture at this time? (The number c cells N in the culture at time t is described by the equation N= Nox 2t/G, where No is the number of cells at zero time and G is the generation time.)

There are three major classes of protein make up the cytoskeleton of a typical animal cell. What ar they, and what are the differences in their functions? Which cytoskeletal filaments would be most plentiful in a muscle cell or in an epidermal cell making up the outer layer of the skin? Explain your answers. QUESTION 1-12 Natural selection is such a powerful force in evolution because organisms or cells with even a small reproductive advantage will eventually outnumber their competitors. To illustrate how quickly this process can occur, consider a cell culture that contains 1 million bacterial cells that double every 20 minutes. A single cell in this culture acquires a mutation that allows it to divide faster, with a generation time of only 15 minutes. Assuming that there is an unlimited food supply and no cell death, how long woul it take before the progeny of the mutated cell became predominant in the culture? (Before you go through the calculation, make a guess: do you think it would take abou a day, a week, a month, or a year?) How many cells of eith type are present in the culture at this time? (The number c cells N in the culture at time t is described by the equation N= Nox 2t/G, where No is the number of cells at zero time and G is the generation time.)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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QUESTION 1-11 There are three major classes of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton of a typical animal cell. What are they, and what are the differences in their functions? Which cytoskeletal filaments would be most plentiful in a muscle cell or in an epidermal cell making up the outer layer of the skin? Explain your answers. QUESTION 1-12 Natural selection is such a powerful force in evolution because organisms or cells with even a small reproductive advantage will eventually outnumber their competitors. To illustrate how quickly this process can occur, consider a cell culture that contains 1 million bacterial cells that double every 20 minutes. A single cell in this culture acquires a mutation that allows it to divide faster, with a generation time of only 15 minutes. Assuming that there is an unlimited food supply and no cell death, how long would it take before the progeny of the mutated cell became predominant in the culture? (Before you go through the calculation, make a guess: do you think it would take about a day, a week, a month, or a year?) How many cells of either type are present in the culture at this time? (The number of cells N in the culture at time t is described by the equation N = No x 2t/G, where No is the number of cells at zero time and G is the generation time.) eved mainsmo sli QUESTION 1-13 sipria s niritiw alles aomoib to edmun When bacteria are cultured under adverse conditions-for example, in the presence of a poison such as an antibiotic- most cells grow and divide slowly. But it is not uncommon t find that the rate of proliferation is restored to normal after a few days. Suggest why this may be the case. 10.
Transcribed Image Text:QUESTION 1-11 There are three major classes of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton of a typical animal cell. What are they, and what are the differences in their functions? Which cytoskeletal filaments would be most plentiful in a muscle cell or in an epidermal cell making up the outer layer of the skin? Explain your answers. QUESTION 1-12 Natural selection is such a powerful force in evolution because organisms or cells with even a small reproductive advantage will eventually outnumber their competitors. To illustrate how quickly this process can occur, consider a cell culture that contains 1 million bacterial cells that double every 20 minutes. A single cell in this culture acquires a mutation that allows it to divide faster, with a generation time of only 15 minutes. Assuming that there is an unlimited food supply and no cell death, how long would it take before the progeny of the mutated cell became predominant in the culture? (Before you go through the calculation, make a guess: do you think it would take about a day, a week, a month, or a year?) How many cells of either type are present in the culture at this time? (The number of cells N in the culture at time t is described by the equation N = No x 2t/G, where No is the number of cells at zero time and G is the generation time.) eved mainsmo sli QUESTION 1-13 sipria s niritiw alles aomoib to edmun When bacteria are cultured under adverse conditions-for example, in the presence of a poison such as an antibiotic- most cells grow and divide slowly. But it is not uncommon t find that the rate of proliferation is restored to normal after a few days. Suggest why this may be the case. 10.
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Given: Equation:  N = N0 x 2tG  where, N0 =  number of cells at zero time i.e. 1 cell  G = generation time in minutes  No. of non mutated cells = 999999  No. of mutated cells = 1   

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