There are four consumers in Nizwa of electricity having different load requirements at different time. Consumer 1 has a maximum demand of 3 KW at 9 pm , a demand of 1.6 KW at 8 pm and a daily load factor of 15%. Consumer 2 has a maximum demand of 3 KW at 12 noon, a load of 1 KW at 8 pm and an average load of 500 W. Consumer 3 has a maximum demand of 6 KW at 5 pm, a load of 5 KW at 8 pm and a daily load factor of 25%. Consumer 4 has an average load of 1 KW and his maximum demand is 4 KW at 8 pm. Determine (i) The diversity factor (ii) The load factor and average load of each consumer (iii) The average load and load factor of the combined load. combined load factor=

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Quantization and Resolution

Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.

Probability of Error

This topic is widely taught in many undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses of: