There are five basic types of macromolecules. Those which are used mostly for energy in the body and are made of ring-like structures are called carbohydrates. A single ringed molecule is a monosaccharide, while a molecule with 2 rings is called a disaccharide. Those made by assembling many rings into chains are called covalent bonds. This macromolecule is made only from the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Another macromolecule made only from these elements lipids. The simplest molecule in this category is called a fatty acid. Three of these can combine with a molecule called glycerol to form a triacylglycerol. A special kind of this macromolecule that includes phosphate and nitrogen is used in cell membranes is called phospholipids. Testosterone and estrogen are another special category of this macromolecule, called hormones. A third macromolecule is based on amino acids. These are made of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur. A chain of amino acids is called a peptide. When these chains twist into their functional shape, the molecule is called a polypeptide. A fourth molecule type is made of chains of nucleotides. These molecules are called nucleic acid. The two forms of these molecules are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA). A single nucleotide is made of a phosphate group-containing phosphorus, a sugar which can be either deoxyribose or ribose, and one of five nitrogenous bases. DNA contains the bases Cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine. High-energy molecules are the last category of the macromolecule. The main one we will study is ATP, which is short for adenosine triphosphate.
Essential nutrients
These are the organic compounds present in the food that provide nourishment essential for the development and growth of our body. Nutrients not only provide us with the required energy to carry out various biological processes but are also the building blocks for repair and growth in our bodies.
Vitamins
The vitamins are organic molecules required in low concentration for the proper functioning of the body. They cannot be generated in the organism and are taken into the body through the diet. The lack of proper vitamins results in diverse deficiency disorders. They are thus called essential nutrients. The important vitamins are vitamin A, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin E.
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There are five basic types of macromolecules. Those which are used mostly for energy in the body and are made of ring-like structures are called carbohydrates. A single ringed molecule is a monosaccharide, while a molecule with 2 rings is called a disaccharide. Those made by assembling many rings into chains are called covalent bonds. This macromolecule is made only from the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
Another macromolecule made only from these elements lipids. The simplest molecule in this category is called a fatty acid. Three of these can combine with a molecule called glycerol to form a triacylglycerol. A special kind of this macromolecule that includes phosphate and nitrogen is used in cell membranes is called phospholipids. Testosterone and estrogen are another special category of this macromolecule, called hormones.
A third macromolecule is based on amino acids. These are made of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur. A chain of amino acids is called a peptide. When these chains twist into their functional shape, the molecule is called a polypeptide.
A fourth molecule type is made of chains of nucleotides. These molecules are called
High-energy molecules are the last category of the macromolecule. The main one we will study is ATP, which is short for adenosine triphosphate.
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