Theorem 4.10. Let p be an odd prime. Then among 1, 2, ,p-1, exactly (p-1)/2 many are quadratic residues mod p and (p-1)/2 many are non-residues. The quadratic residues are 1², 2², ... (₁=¹) ² 2 mod p.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
icon
Related questions
Question

Prove this

 

Theorem 4.10. Let p be an odd prime. Then among 1, 2, ,p-1, exactly (p-1)/2 many
are quadratic residues mod p and (p-1)/2 many are non-residues. The quadratic residues
are
(₁=¹) ²
2
1², 2², ...
mod p.
Transcribed Image Text:Theorem 4.10. Let p be an odd prime. Then among 1, 2, ,p-1, exactly (p-1)/2 many are quadratic residues mod p and (p-1)/2 many are non-residues. The quadratic residues are (₁=¹) ² 2 1², 2², ... mod p.
Expert Solution
steps

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps with 2 images

Blurred answer
Recommended textbooks for you
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780470458365
Author:
Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:
Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
Numerical Methods for Engineers
Numerical Methods for Engineers
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780073397924
Author:
Steven C. Chapra Dr., Raymond P. Canale
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Introductory Mathematics for Engineering Applicat…
Introductory Mathematics for Engineering Applicat…
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9781118141809
Author:
Nathan Klingbeil
Publisher:
WILEY
Mathematics For Machine Technology
Mathematics For Machine Technology
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9781337798310
Author:
Peterson, John.
Publisher:
Cengage Learning,
Basic Technical Mathematics
Basic Technical Mathematics
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780134437705
Author:
Washington
Publisher:
PEARSON
Topology
Topology
Advanced Math
ISBN:
9780134689517
Author:
Munkres, James R.
Publisher:
Pearson,