(Themes 4+5) The spicy flavor of chili peppers derives in part from compounds called capsaicinoids. Levels of this compound in the pepper were recently found to be affected by mutations in the PAMT gene, which encodes a putative aminotransferase enzyme. Maps of the pAMT gene region in two peppers are shown below; numbered vertical lines represent exons. Devil's Yellow peppers have a Tcc transposon insertion in intron 3 of the pAMT gene, which leads to ~50% less capsaicinoid content as compared with Red Habanero peppers. Genome mRNA structure (a) Red Habanero || 12 3 |||||||||||| 45 67 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (b) Devil's Yellow ||H 12 3 Tcc 17 67 1.0 kb ⇓⇓⇓||||||| 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 45 591 bp (Tanaka et al 2019 Plant Journal) 17 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 17 ….. 17 Scientists sequenced the mRNA expressed from the two peppers, and found the exon structure shown at right. The Devil's Yellow pepper now contained an extra region of sequence (grey box) containing partial Tcc transposon sequence that forms nonfunctional pAMT. a) Propose a hypothesis of what step in gene expression was affected by the Tcc insertion to produce the indicated mRNA structure, and briefly justify your answer, including specifying what sequences or properties must be contained within Tcc to produce this result. b) Given that all 17 expected exons are still present in the mRNA expressed by Devil's Yellow peppers, why might this Tcc- altered pAMT be nonfunctional? Briefly propose and justify one molecular hypothesis about what functional aspect of the mRNA could have been affected, and how this led to the loss of pAMT function.

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Answer parts a and b pictured in the image

(Themes 4+5) The spicy flavor of chili peppers derives in part from compounds called capsaicinoids. Levels of this compound in the pepper were
recently found to be affected by mutations in the pAMT gene, which encodes a putative aminotransferase enzyme. Maps of the pAMT gene region
in two peppers are shown below; numbered vertical lines represent exons. Devil's Yellow peppers have a Tcc transposon insertion in intron 3 of
the pAMT gene, which leads to ~50% less capsaicinoid content as compared with Red Habanero peppers.
Genome
mRNA structure
(a) Red Habanero
12 3
⇓⇓⇓||||||||
67 89 10 11 12 13 14
45
(b) Devil's Yellow
||
12 3
Tcc
45
591 bp
15 16
67
17
1.0 kb
|||||||||
89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
(Tanaka et al 2019 Plant Journal)
17
1 2 3 4 ... 17
12 3
4 ... 17
Scientists sequenced the mRNA expressed from the two peppers, and found the exon structure shown at right. The Devil's Yellow pepper now
contained an extra region of sequence (grey box) containing partial Tcc transposon sequence that forms nonfunctional pAMT.
a) Propose a hypothesis of what step in gene expression was affected by the Tcc insertion to produce the indicated mRNA structure, and briefly
justify your answer, including specifying what sequences or properties must be contained within Tcc to produce this result.
b) Given that all 17 expected exons are still present in the mRNA expressed by Devil's Yellow peppers, why might this Tcc - altered pAMT be
nonfunctional? Briefly propose and justify one molecular hypothesis about what functional aspect of the mRNA could have been affected, and
how this led to the loss of pAMT function.
Transcribed Image Text:(Themes 4+5) The spicy flavor of chili peppers derives in part from compounds called capsaicinoids. Levels of this compound in the pepper were recently found to be affected by mutations in the pAMT gene, which encodes a putative aminotransferase enzyme. Maps of the pAMT gene region in two peppers are shown below; numbered vertical lines represent exons. Devil's Yellow peppers have a Tcc transposon insertion in intron 3 of the pAMT gene, which leads to ~50% less capsaicinoid content as compared with Red Habanero peppers. Genome mRNA structure (a) Red Habanero 12 3 ⇓⇓⇓|||||||| 67 89 10 11 12 13 14 45 (b) Devil's Yellow || 12 3 Tcc 45 591 bp 15 16 67 17 1.0 kb ||||||||| 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 (Tanaka et al 2019 Plant Journal) 17 1 2 3 4 ... 17 12 3 4 ... 17 Scientists sequenced the mRNA expressed from the two peppers, and found the exon structure shown at right. The Devil's Yellow pepper now contained an extra region of sequence (grey box) containing partial Tcc transposon sequence that forms nonfunctional pAMT. a) Propose a hypothesis of what step in gene expression was affected by the Tcc insertion to produce the indicated mRNA structure, and briefly justify your answer, including specifying what sequences or properties must be contained within Tcc to produce this result. b) Given that all 17 expected exons are still present in the mRNA expressed by Devil's Yellow peppers, why might this Tcc - altered pAMT be nonfunctional? Briefly propose and justify one molecular hypothesis about what functional aspect of the mRNA could have been affected, and how this led to the loss of pAMT function.
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