Answer part a **Theme 5: Cellular Expression Patterns of Tumor Suppressor Transcription Factor p53**The provided data from Jimenez et al. (2022) illustrate the oscillating expression patterns of the tumor suppressor transcription factor p53, which is commonly mutated in cancers. The study focused on a mutated human cell line.**Panel D: Changes in p53 mRNA Levels**- The graph in Panel D shows the changes in p53 mRNA levels over time using two measurement approaches: RNA sequencing (RNASeq) and quantitative PCR (qPCR).- The x-axis represents time in hours, from 0 to 9.- The y-axis on the left corresponds to fold change (FC) in p53 mRNA relative to the baseline using qPCR, ranging from 0.5 to 1.5.- The y-axis on the right indicates RNASeq fold change, from 0.5 to 1.5 as well.- The data depict slight variations in mRNA levels over time, with overlapping error bars suggesting consistency between the two methods.**Panel E: Protein Level Measurements**- Panel E displays protein level changes, measured using Mass Spectrometry (MassSpec) and Western Blot (WB).- The x-axis is similarly marked for time in hours.- The y-axis on the left shows fold change in protein levels measured by WB, spanning from 1 to 5.- The y-axis on the right indicates MassSpec FC, ranging from 1 to 4.- This panel shows more pronounced fluctuations in protein levels compared to mRNA, with peaks observed at 3 and 5 hours.**Explanation Proposal**A) The magnitude of protein changes can be larger than the changes in mRNA due to several potential factors, including:1. **Post-transcriptional Modifications**: These can cause significant changes in protein levels and activities without corresponding mRNA changes.2. **Translation Efficiency**: Variability in how efficiently mRNA is translated into protein can amplify protein level changes.3. **Protein Stability**: Differences in protein degradation rates can also affect protein levels independently of mRNA.Understanding these differences is crucial in cellular biology, especially in the context of cancer research.

Name: Answer part a **Theme 5: Cellular Expression Patterns of Tumor Suppres
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T06:42:41.000Z
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Description: Answer part a **Theme 5: Cellular Expression Patterns of Tumor Suppressor Transcription Factor p53**The provided data from Jimenez et al. (2022) illustrate the oscillating expression patterns of the tumor suppressor transcription factor p53, which is

The question pertains to the intriguing phenomenon of cellular expression patterns, specifically focusing on the tumor suppressor transcription factor p53, a gene commonly mutated in cancers. The data from Jimenez et al (2022) explores oscillating expression patterns in a mutated human cell line, with measurements of changes in p53 mRNA levels and protein levels. A key point of discussion is the observed fold change in the relative abundance of these molecules, particularly how the magnitude of protein changes can be larger than the changes in mRNA.Answer a:Many components can cause the degree of changes in proteins to be more prominent than that of mRNA changes:Post-transcriptional regulation: There are several techniques to direct mRNA after transcription, which can influence the ultimate amount of protein delivered. For occurrence, the mRNA can be then again spliced to deliver diverse protein isoforms, it can be degraded at changing rates influencing its accessibility for translation, and its translation can be improved or hindered by diverse variables.Translation efficiency: Not all mRNAs are translated into protein at the same rate. A few mRNAs are more proficient at recruiting ribosomes and starting translation, which can result in more protein being created per mRNA molecule.Post-translational modifications: After a protein is translated, it can be modified in different ways that can influence its stability, area, and work. These modifications can alter the protein's movement without changing the amount of mRNAThe magnitude of protein changes can be bigger than mRNA changes due to components like transcription and translation proficiency, protein stability, and post-transcriptional and post-translational controls. These complex layers of direction can result in a little amount of mRNA creating a huge amount of protein, or protein levels being high due to stability or alterations.