The volume of a pipe bend as shown in Figure 6 is 250 litres. The flow rate of water in the pipe is 180 litre/s. Point 2 is at an open end and the total head loss from points 1 to 2 is 0.6m. Calculate the x and y components of the force of the concrete block to hold the pipe bend if it is installed in; i) A vertical plane (kN), and ii) A horizontal plane (kN) Ø600 mm v1 F1 Fx 1.5 m yl 2 120° Ø300 mm

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Fluid Dynamics

The study of the flow of gases and liquids, usually in and around solid surfaces, is known as fluid dynamics in physics and engineering. Fluid dynamics, for example, can be used to evaluate the movement of air through an airplane wing or the surface of a vehicle. It can also be used in ship design to increase the speed at which ships pass through water.