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The volcanic process that caused tens of thousands of deaths during both the Vesuvius eruption (79 CE) and at St Pierre during the Pelée (Martinique) eruption (1902) was: sector collapse Ⓒpyroclastic flow Ⓒlava flow Olahar Otephra fall Major volcanic eruptions can have serious effects on climate. We know little about the specific effects of prehistoric eruptions such as those of the Yellowstone and Toba supervolcanoes, or even those that occurred a few thousand years ago, such as Mt Mazama and Santorini/Thera. But we do have climatic records during and after the eruptions of Laki 1783 (Iceland), Tambora 1815 and Krakatau 1883 (both in Indonesia), and Pinatubo 1991 (Philippines), among others. From this evidence, it seems that such eruptions could likely cause, at least: global warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the stratosphere global cooling up to -1-2°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere regional to continental warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the troposphere by lateral blasts global cooling up to -10-20°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere no climatic effect unless the eruptions create submarine large igneous provinces (LIPS)

The volcanic process that caused tens of thousands of deaths during both the Vesuvius eruption (79 CE) and at St Pierre during the Pelée (Martinique) eruption (1902) was: sector collapse Ⓒpyroclastic flow Ⓒlava flow Olahar Otephra fall Major volcanic eruptions can have serious effects on climate. We know little about the specific effects of prehistoric eruptions such as those of the Yellowstone and Toba supervolcanoes, or even those that occurred a few thousand years ago, such as Mt Mazama and Santorini/Thera. But we do have climatic records during and after the eruptions of Laki 1783 (Iceland), Tambora 1815 and Krakatau 1883 (both in Indonesia), and Pinatubo 1991 (Philippines), among others. From this evidence, it seems that such eruptions could likely cause, at least: global warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the stratosphere global cooling up to -1-2°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere regional to continental warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the troposphere by lateral blasts global cooling up to -10-20°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere no climatic effect unless the eruptions create submarine large igneous provinces (LIPS)

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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21:47 The volcanic process that caused tens of thousands of deaths during both the Vesuvius eruption (79 CE) and at St Pierre during the Pelée (Martinique) eruption (1902) was: Osector collapse O pyroclastic flow Ⓒlava flow Olahar LTE O Otephra fall × Major volcanic eruptions can have serious effects on climate. We know little about the specific effects of prehistoric eruptions such as those of the Yellowstone and Toba supervolcanoes, or even those that occurred a few thousand years ago, such as Mt Mazama and Santorini/Thera. But we do have climatic records during and after the eruptions of Laki 1783 (Iceland), Tambora 1815 and Krakatau 1883 (both in Indonesia), and Pinatubo 1991 (Philippines), among others. From this evidence, it seems that such eruptions could likely cause, at least: global warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the stratosphere O global cooling up to -1-2°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere O regional to continental warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the troposphere by lateral blasts O global cooling up to -10-20°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere O no climatic effect unless the eruptions create submarine large igneous provinces (LIPs)
Transcribed Image Text:21:47 The volcanic process that caused tens of thousands of deaths during both the Vesuvius eruption (79 CE) and at St Pierre during the Pelée (Martinique) eruption (1902) was: Osector collapse O pyroclastic flow Ⓒlava flow Olahar LTE O Otephra fall × Major volcanic eruptions can have serious effects on climate. We know little about the specific effects of prehistoric eruptions such as those of the Yellowstone and Toba supervolcanoes, or even those that occurred a few thousand years ago, such as Mt Mazama and Santorini/Thera. But we do have climatic records during and after the eruptions of Laki 1783 (Iceland), Tambora 1815 and Krakatau 1883 (both in Indonesia), and Pinatubo 1991 (Philippines), among others. From this evidence, it seems that such eruptions could likely cause, at least: global warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the stratosphere O global cooling up to -1-2°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere O regional to continental warming up to -1-2°C due to CO2 injected into the troposphere by lateral blasts O global cooling up to -10-20°C due to particulates and sulfates thrown into the stratosphere O no climatic effect unless the eruptions create submarine large igneous provinces (LIPs)
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