The trial balance for Şalsabil Enterprise for the year ended 31 December 2018 is as follows: Salsabil Enterprise Trial balance as at 31 December 2018 Асcount Debit (RM) Credit (RM) Cash 4,200 Account receivables 20,000 Notes receivables 10,000 Inventory 24,000 Prepaid rental 2,400 Equipment 18,000 Accumulated depreciation-Equipment 4,000 Account payables 26,400 Capital, Salihin 33,200 Sales 176,000 Cost of goods sold 92,000 Wages expenses 40,000 Miscellaneous expenses 24,000 Income tax 5,000 Total 239,600 239,600 Additional information: i. Accrued interest on notes receivables is RM1,000. ii. Depreciation on equipment is RM2,000. iii. Accrued wages is RM1,200. iv. Accrued utilities is RM800 (charged to miscellaneous expenses account) V. Rental which is due RM1,000. vi. Cash drawings by Şalihin is RM2,800. vii. Cash of RM400 is received from a customer for a debt which was wrongly credited to the account payables. Required: a. Prepare adjusting journal entries for transactions (i) – (iv). b. Post the adjusting journal entries in (a) to the related ledger accounts as listed in trial balance. Any account which is not in the list has to be created. c. Prepare the adjusted trial balance as at 31 December 2018. d. Prepare the Statement of Comprehensive Income and Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2018. e. Prepare the Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2018.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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