The time it would take for the Sun to consume all its hydrogen (if the Sun's luminosity remained constant) is about 100 billion years. Why is this an unrealistic estimate of the lifetime of the Sun?
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![The time it would take for the Sun to consume all its hydrogen (if the Sun's luminosity remained constant) is
about 100 billion years. Why is this an unrealistic estimate of the lifetime of the Sun?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5bdd839d-0655-41d7-8c89-559933636fef%2F9c7d437a-05fb-4249-8bc8-02799bffe440%2Fjle0r76_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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- The relationship between the average luminosity and pulsation period for Cepheid variable stars can be written L = L⊙P3.7, where the period P is measured in days. A cepheid variable is observed in a distant galaxy, and is determined to have a pulsation period of 50 days. The average flux received from this star is measured to be 2.14×10−16Wm−2. Determine the distance to the galaxy and express your answer in units of Mpc.Studying the spectrum of a star, we see that the Haline (l= 656.285nm) has been shifted to 656.286 nm. Is the star moving towards us or away (explain your answer) How fast is the star moving with respect to us?Imagine a planet orbiting a star. Observations show a Doppler shift in the star's spectrum of 58 m/s over the 3.3 day orbit of the planet. What is the mass of the planet in kg? Assume the star has the same mass as the Sun (2.0 x1030 kg), there are 365.25 days in a year, and 1AU = 1.5 x 1011 m.
- Which star in the HR diagram below will no longer exist in 1 Billion years? 60 Mun 10⁰ 10⁰ 10 10² 10⁰ 10 10 10 10 30 M 10 Solar Radi Lifetime 10 yrs 0.1 Solar Radius 10 Solar Radus O Centauri 30,000 10M Sirius B MAIN Bellatrix Lifetime 10 B Rigal Deneb 6M MA Achemar SEQUENCE 18yrs WHITE SUPERGIANTS Canopus Vega 10 Soler Radi Procyon B 10,000 Srius Lifetime 10 DWARFS Alar Arcturus Procyon eyon Polaris 5 Mun Liteting 10 yrs SIM 7 Cet AFG 6,000 GIANTS Centauri A Pollux Centaur B Eridani Aldebaran K Artares 61 Cyani A Betelgeuse Barnard's Star 61 Cygni B Lacalle 9352 0.3M Gliese 725 A Gliese 725 B Ross 128 Wolf 359, Proxima Centauri M DX Cancri 3.000Double stars are stars which are close enough and move slowly enough that they orbit each other. Each star is located at the focus of the ellipse of its orbit around the other star. Consider a binary star system which has an average angular separation of 6.1" arc and a period of 87.3 years. The annual parallax of the stars, p, is 0.192"arc. We call the measure of the angular separation of the two stars, . [remember that 1 degree is divided into 60 'arc (read this as 60 minutes of arc) and each 1'arc is subdivided into 60"arc (read this as 60 seconds of arc)]. The distance to the binarystar system is calculated from its parallax , p, of 0.192"arc, which has been measured carefully over a period of the last 92 years. First we must calculate the distance to the binary system: D = 1/p where p is the parallax in seconds of arc giving D in parsecs. The distance, D = 1/p = ________ pc How many light years does this correspond to? (remember that 1 pc = 3.26 lt yr) D (in light…Which star in the HR diagram below has the largest radius? 1060 M 10⁰ 10⁰ 10² 6 10 30 M 10 Solar Radi Lifetime 10 yrs 0.1 Solar Radus 30,000 B Centauri Spica 10M MAIN Bellatrix Lifetime B Deneb Rigal 6M Achemar SEQUENCE Lifetime WHITE SUPERGIANTS Canopus Vega 10 Solar Rad Procyon B 10,000 Srius Lifetime DWARFS Alar Arcturus Procyon Polaris 5 M Littine" 10 yrs S 1M Cet AFG 6,000 GIANTS Centauri A Pollux Centaur B Eridan Antares Aldebaran K Betelgeuse Barnard's Star 61 Cyani A 61 Cyani B Lacalle 9352 0.3M Gliese 725 A Gliese 725 8 Wolf 359 Proxima Centauri M Ross 128 DX Cancri 3,000