The thermodynamics of vesicle loading: Primary and secondary active transport Given the provided information, and assuming the vesicular membrane potential is 20 mV (positive inside the vesicle), how much Gibb's free energy is available to move Ach into the vesicle per mole of H* ions that are antiported? "Vesicle loading is another interesting application of thermodynamics. Think about it. How do neurons form these highly concentrated vesicles full of, say, Ach? It turns out that neurons use a two-step system. First, neurons use the Gibb's free energy from hydrolyzing ATP to pump H* ions into the vesicle using an H*/ATPase. Note that the positively charged proton is moving out of the vesicle. So, what is the change in potential going from inside to outside the vesicle? As you know, intracellular pH is approximately 7.20, but vesicular pH can get as low as 5.50 due to the influx of H* ions. The influx of H* ions also generates a membrane AG = kJ/mol potential of about 20 mV, wherein the inside of the vesicle is positive relative to the cytoplasm around the vesicle. In the second step, an H*/Ach antiporter moves one molecule of Ach into the vesicle in exchange for moving two H* ions back into the cytoplasm."
The thermodynamics of vesicle loading: Primary and secondary active transport Given the provided information, and assuming the vesicular membrane potential is 20 mV (positive inside the vesicle), how much Gibb's free energy is available to move Ach into the vesicle per mole of H* ions that are antiported? "Vesicle loading is another interesting application of thermodynamics. Think about it. How do neurons form these highly concentrated vesicles full of, say, Ach? It turns out that neurons use a two-step system. First, neurons use the Gibb's free energy from hydrolyzing ATP to pump H* ions into the vesicle using an H*/ATPase. Note that the positively charged proton is moving out of the vesicle. So, what is the change in potential going from inside to outside the vesicle? As you know, intracellular pH is approximately 7.20, but vesicular pH can get as low as 5.50 due to the influx of H* ions. The influx of H* ions also generates a membrane AG = kJ/mol potential of about 20 mV, wherein the inside of the vesicle is positive relative to the cytoplasm around the vesicle. In the second step, an H*/Ach antiporter moves one molecule of Ach into the vesicle in exchange for moving two H* ions back into the cytoplasm."
Biochemistry
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Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
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Transcribed Image Text:The thermodynamics of vesicle loading: Primary and
secondary active transport
Given the provided information, and assuming the vesicular
membrane potential is 20 mV (positive inside the vesicle),
how much Gibb's free energy is available to move Ach into
"Vesicle loading is another interesting application of
thermodynamics. Think about it. How do neurons form
these highly concentrated vesicles full of, say, Ach? It turns
the vesicle per mole of H* ions that are antiported?
Note that the positively charged proton is moving out of the
vesicle. So, what is the change in potential going from
out that neurons use a two-step system. First, neurons use
the Gibb's free energy from hydrolyzing ATP to pump H*
ions into the vesicle using an H*/ATPase.
inside to outside the vesicle?
As you know, intracellular pH is approximately 7.20, but
vesicular pH can get as low as 5.50 due to the influx of H*
ions. The influx of H* ions also generates a membrane
AG =
kJ/mol
potential of about 20 mV, wherein the inside of the vesicle
is positive relative to the cytoplasm around the vesicle. In
the second step, an H*/Ach antiporter moves one molecule
of Ach into the vesicle in exchange for moving two H* ions
back into the cytoplasm."
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