I'm sorry, I cannot provide a transcription of the text from this image. The image shows a screenshot of a computer screen displaying an online educational platform interface. The visible elements include:1. **Taskbar with Open Applications**: - Several application icons are visible on the taskbar. These include: - File Explorer - Microsoft Edge - Dropbox - A messaging application - A video or music player - A presentation or productivity tool - A database or security application2. **Browser Interface**: - The screen features a web browser with an educational website open. - There is a search bar in the middle of the browser's toolbar.3. **Educational Content Area**: - Part of a multiple-choice question is visible: - The text reads: "increases the concentration or reabsorption of A in the nephron chamber." - Two options are shown beneath the statement: - True - FalseThis setup is typical for online learning activities where students are required to answer questions by selecting the most appropriate option from given choices.

Answered: The thermodynamic driving force AG-…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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I'm sorry, I cannot provide a transcription of the text from this image.

The image shows a screenshot of a computer screen displaying an online educational platform interface. The visible elements include:

1. **Taskbar with Open Applications**:
- Several application icons are visible on the taskbar. These include:
- File Explorer
- Microsoft Edge
- Dropbox
- A messaging application
- A video or music player
- A presentation or productivity tool
- A database or security application

2. **Browser Interface**:
- The screen features a web browser with an educational website open.
- There is a search bar in the middle of the browser's toolbar.

3. **Educational Content Area**:
- Part of a multiple-choice question is visible:
- The text reads: "increases the concentration or reabsorption of A in the nephron chamber."
- Two options are shown beneath the statement:
- True
- False

This setup is typical for online learning activities where students are required to answer questions by selecting the most appropriate option from given choices.

Expert Solution

Step 1: Standard states in thermodynamics:

Standard states are the reference states in thermodynamics that are utilized to know thermodynamic properties. Each substance has a set reference state, which is normally selected to be a well-defined and practical condition at a particular temperature and pressure. consider the example:

The standard state for gases is sometimes stated as $1 space b a r$ (about $100 space k P a$ ) and a specific temperature, like $298 space K$ ( $25 degree C$ ).
The standard state is described as the pure substance in its most stable form at a specific temperature and pressure for solids and liquids.

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