The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that
The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five
component theories:
1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of
lineages of organisms change over time
2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the
scheme Lamarck proposed
3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even
radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps
through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed
in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that
are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates.
4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes
in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different
inherited characteristics
5. Natural selection – Darwin’s brilliant hypothesis, independently
conceived by Wallace
Shown below are the titles of the fifteen chapters in Darwin's Origin of Species:
Chapter 1 - Variation under Domestication
Chapter 2 - Variation under Nature
Chapter 3 - Struggle for Existence
Chapter 4 - Natural Selection; or the Survival of the Fittest
Chapter 5 - Laws of Variation
Chapter 6 - Difficulties of the Theory
Chapter 7 - Miscellaneous Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection
Chapter 8 - Instinct
Chapter 9 - Hybridism
Chapter 10 - On the Imperfection of the Geological Record
Chapter 11 - On the Geological Succession of Organic Beings
Chapter 12 - Geographical Distribution
Chapter 13 - Geographical Distribution—continued
Chapter 14 - Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings: Morphology: Embryology: Rudimentary Organs
Chapter 15 - Recapitulation and Conclusion
The question is, to identify which chapters discussed which component theory. (Evolution as such, Common descent, Gradualism, Populational change, and Natural Selection)
(In short, there should be 15 answers from the 15 chapters, and the choices for the answers are: Evolution as such, Common descent, Gradualism, Populational change, and Natural Selection)
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