Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
Related questions
Question
The synthesis given below for m-propylbenzene from benzene is incorrect. Propose a
suitable synthesis to accomplish this transformation.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a two-step organic reaction sequence involving aromatic compounds. Below is a detailed explanation of each step:
1. **Nitration of Benzene:**
- **Starting Material:** Benzene (C₆H₆)
- **Reagents:** Nitric acid (HNO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
- **Product:** Nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂)
- **Description:** In this step, a benzene ring undergoes nitration, where a nitro group (NO₂) is introduced to the aromatic ring. Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst to facilitate this electrophilic substitution reaction.
2. **Friedel-Crafts Alkylation:**
- **Starting Material:** Nitrobenzene (C₆H₅NO₂)
- **Reagents:** Propyl chloride (CH₃CH₂CH₂Cl) and aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)
- **Product:** 1-nitro-4-propylbenzene
- **Description:** In this step, the nitrobenzene undergoes Friedel-Crafts alkylation, where a propyl group (CH₂CH₂CH₃) is added to the aromatic ring. Aluminum chloride is used as a catalyst to generate the electrophile, facilitating the attachment of the propyl group to the benzene ring, producing 1-nitro-4-propylbenzene.
This reaction sequence highlights typical transformations in aromatic chemistry, emphasizing the utility of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions in organic synthesis.
Expert Solution
Step 1
In nitrobenzene , nitro group is deactivating group so it deactivates benzene ring and it not give desired product by F.C. alkylation.
Propyl group is activating and ortho -para directing so we can't formed desired product if we performed nitration reaction on propylbenzene.
So, let's make another route.
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