The surveying team used 30 m tape in measuring an inclined distance. The measured length on the slope was recorded to be 459.20m long. The difference in elevation between the initial point and the end point was found to be 1.25m. The 30 m tape is of standard length at a temperature of 10°C and a pull of 50N. During measurement the temperature reading was 15°C and tape was supported at both ends with an applied pull of 75 N. The cross-sectional area of the tape is 6.50 mm² and the modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa. The tape has a mass of 0.0075 kg/m. Determine the true horizontal distance. K=0.0000116 m/°C

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Methods of Surveying

Surveying is the practice to determine the relative three-dimensional positions of various points on the earth’s surface. This is done by computing the vertical and horizontal distances, angles between the points, collecting the observations, and plotting them on a map of any appropriate scale. Accuracy can be achieved by using the latest instruments like a theodolite, tachometer, etc. Leveling is a subdivision of surveying where the objective is to locate the elevation of objects considering a datum level.