The state of stress at a point is the result of two loadings as shown in figure. When acting alone, the first loading produces the 3 MPa pure shear with respect of xy-axis. The second loading alone results in the 4 MPa pure shear with respect to the x'y-axis. The angle between the two sets of axis is 30° as shown. If the two loadings act simultaneously then resultant (absolute) shear stress at that point with respect to x-y axis is MPa (in integer). 3 MPa 1 loading 2nd loading 4 MPa α = 30° x

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Loads and Reactive Forces

Loads are the external influences that a beam experiences under its working conditions. For instance, a beam may be subjected to shear loads, twisting loads, bending moment, and axial loads during its working conditions. Engineers primarily deal with beams and trusses in the civil engineering domain. Due to the influence of loads, it is very crucial to determine the induced stresses and deformation values. These values give an insight into the critical area of the beam that needs to be worked upon to make it fail-safe.