The solid-waste composition and the quantity of solid waste generated from two cities located in the developing world are shown in Table Q1b as follows: Table Q1b. The solid-waste composition and the quantity of solid waste generated from two cities. Component City 1 City 2 Food waste (%) 47.0 65.0 Paper and cardboard (%) 6.5 7.5 Ash (%) 39.0 10.0 Other (%) 7.5 17.5 Waste generation rate (kg/person-day) 0.40 0.350

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Mechanical Processes

In civil engineering, the materials have to undergo a series of manufacturing processes before using them in construction and structural applications. These manufacturing processes form the foundation stone of mechanical processes. Some of the civil engineering materials such as bars, metallic beams, metallic columns, surveying equipment, earthmovers, overhead cranes, structural and construction components, and even cement that is the most fundamental construction component need to undergo different manufacturing processes before they are ready to use. These processes are mechanical.