The soil profile shown consists of a layer of dry sand 4 m. thick which overlies a layer of clay having a thickness of 6 m. Ground water table is located at the interface of the sand and clay. If the water table lowers by 2 m, determine the effective stress at the bottom of the clay layer. Sand: G,= 2.68; e = 0.40 Clay; G = 2.72; e =0.90 Dry Sand 4m 6m Clay G 2.68. <=0.40 Ground water table G=2.72

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Unit Conversion

Standard units are also called SI units. SI units are used for measuring a physical quantity satisfying certain conditions. There are two types of units: fundamental units and derived units. Fundamental units are physical quantities that are independent, that is, they do not depend on other quantities like mass, length, or time. There are plenty of quantities in our lives which need to be measured and compared. Measuring is the comparison of a particular physical quantity with its reference value. A unit is a measure of a fixed physical quantity. A physical quantity is the product of a unit and the numerical value we need to compare with.