The shaft of a vertical turbogenerator set in a hydroelectric power plant has an outside diameter of 305 mm and an inside diameter of 254 mm. The shaft transmits 5000 hp at a 750 rpm. The total weight of the shaft and the turbine runner is 54 metric tons. Determine the maximum normal stress in the shaft.

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Q: Shear stress in the shaft.

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A: The stepwise procedure to solve this problem is shown in the following attached images:

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.