The second messenger cyclic AMP (CAMP) is synthesized from ATP by the activity of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase. Cyclic AMP, in turn, activates protein kinase A (PKA), also called cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which is responsible for most of the effects of cAMP within the cell. Determine the correct steps in the activation of PKA, and then place them in the correct order, starting after the adenylyl cyclase reaction. Answer Bank The free catalytic subunits interact with proteins to phosphorylate Ser or Thr residues. Cytosolic CAMP concentration decreases. Each regulatory subunit is activated as the two cAMP molecules release. Two CAMP molecules bind to each PKA regulatory subunit. The regulatory subunits dissociate from the catalytic subunits. Cytosolic CAMP concentration increases.
The second messenger cyclic AMP (CAMP) is synthesized from ATP by the activity of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase. Cyclic AMP, in turn, activates protein kinase A (PKA), also called cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which is responsible for most of the effects of cAMP within the cell. Determine the correct steps in the activation of PKA, and then place them in the correct order, starting after the adenylyl cyclase reaction. Answer Bank The free catalytic subunits interact with proteins to phosphorylate Ser or Thr residues. Cytosolic CAMP concentration decreases. Each regulatory subunit is activated as the two cAMP molecules release. Two CAMP molecules bind to each PKA regulatory subunit. The regulatory subunits dissociate from the catalytic subunits. Cytosolic CAMP concentration increases.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Transcribed Image Text:The image presents a diagram illustrating the steps involved in the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) following the synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP). To the right, there is an "Answer Bank" with possible steps to describe this activation process. Below is a detailed explanation for educational purposes:
**Steps in the Activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA):**
1. **Cytosolic cAMP Concentration Increases:**
- The process starts when the concentration of cAMP in the cytosol rises. This is typically the result of adenylyl cyclase activity converting ATP to cAMP.
2. **Two cAMP Molecules Bind to Each PKA Regulatory Subunit:**
- As cAMP levels increase, two cAMP molecules bind to each of the regulatory subunits of PKA.
3. **The Regulatory Subunits Dissociate from the Catalytic Subunits:**
- The binding of cAMP to the regulatory subunits causes them to dissociate from the catalytic subunits, leading to activation.
4. **The Free Catalytic Subunits Interact with Proteins to Phosphorylate Ser or Thr Residues:**
- Once free, the catalytic subunits are active and can phosphorylate specific serine or threonine residues on target proteins, leading to various cellular responses.
This diagram and sequence explanation serve as a guide to understanding the role of cAMP in activating PKA, a crucial process in many cellular signaling pathways.
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