The S&P 500 index delivered a return of 20%, -5%, 20%, and 5% over four successive years. What is the arithmetic average annual return per year? O A. 10% OB. 11% O C. 12% D. 15%
Dividend Valuation
Dividend refers to a reward or cash that a company gives to its shareholders out of the profits. Dividends can be issued in various forms such as cash payment, stocks, or in any other form as per the company norms. It is usually a part of the profit that the company shares with its shareholders.
Dividend Discount Model
Dividend payments are generally paid to investors or shareholders of a company when the company earns profit for the year, thus representing growth. The dividend discount model is an important method used to forecast the price of a company’s stock. It is based on the computation methodology that the present value of all its future dividends is equivalent to the value of the company.
Capital Gains Yield
It may be referred to as the earnings generated on an investment over a particular period of time. It is generally expressed as a percentage and includes some dividends or interest earned by holding a particular security. Cases, where it is higher normally, indicate the higher income and lower risk. It is mostly computed on an annual basis and is different from the total return on investment. In case it becomes too high, indicates that either the stock prices are going down or the company is paying higher dividends.
Stock Valuation
In simple words, stock valuation is a tool to calculate the current price, or value, of a company. It is used to not only calculate the value of the company but help an investor decide if they want to buy, sell or hold a company's stocks.
![**Arithmetic Average Annual Return Calculation: S&P 500 Case Study**
**Question:**
The S&P 500 index delivered a return of 20%, -5%, 20%, and 5% over four successive years. What is the arithmetic average annual return per year?
**Options:**
- **A.** 10%
- **B.** 11%
- **C.** 12%
- **D.** 15%
**Explanation:**
To calculate the arithmetic average annual return, sum up the annual returns and divide by the number of years.
The returns over the four years are:
- Year 1: 20%
- Year 2: -5%
- Year 3: 20%
- Year 4: 5%
**Step-by-Step Solution:**
1. Sum the returns:
\[ 20\% + (-5\%) + 20\% + 5\% = 40\% \]
2. Divide by the number of years (4 years):
\[ \text{Arithmetic Average Annual Return} = \frac{40\%}{4} = 10\% \]
Thus, the correct answer is:
**A. 10%**](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6c0554f3-a7d8-4c12-8db7-464a17f00206%2F29f8a7e6-aeb0-4ac7-b3c8-966230f06409%2Fjdir07_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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