The role of γ-motor neurons in regulation of equilibrium is achieved   by :-a- initiating contraction of spindle fibers which directly antagonize postural deviationb- increasing spindle sensitivity to stretchc- directly stimulating extrafusal muscle fibers to antagonize postural deviationd- directly adjusting the discharge of α-motor neurons innervating the extrafusal muscle fibers to antagonize postural deviation

Q: γ-motor neuron discharge to a muscle is inhibited by impulses reaching the γ-motor neurons from all…

A: A gamma motor neuron cell bodies are located in the anterior grey column of the spinal cord. A gamma…

Q: The total force (crossbridge + titin strain) generated in an eccentric actomyosin crossbridge is O…

A: The total force (crossbridge+ titin strain) generated in an eccentric actomyosin crossbridge is…

Q: Which of the following would result in higher force production at lower action potential frequencies…

A: How we produced higher force at lower action potential frequency.

Q: Type I fibers are only recruited in light repetitive movements like postural adjustment and slow…

A: The muscle fibres have a specialised structure that helps in contraction. Usually the actin and…

Q: Which of the following is correct about muscle spindles? Detect changes in muscle length Perceive…

A: Muscle spindles are skeletal muscle sensory receptors within the body of a muscle that are able to…

Q: How would you explain the following observation? When motor nerve fibers in the leg are severed, the…

A: Motor nerve fibres are responsible for carrying the impulses from the central nervous system to the…

Q: An individual suffers a disease that destroys all the muscle spindles in his quadriceps muscle. What…

A: Approximately every muscle includes muscle spindles. These soft sensory receptors instruct the…

Q: Sensory impulses from spindles of a stretched muscle could inhibit antagonistic muscles by :-a-…

A: The nervous system plays a major role in transmitting the reflexes from the tissues to the brain.…

Q: Give a labeled illustration of a simple reflex arc with its components of the patella tendon tap…

A: Knee jerk reflex is an example of simple monosynaptic reflex.  If tapping the random just below the…

Q: Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory neurotransmitter substances in the CNS. Explain how…

A: Tetanus can be described as an infection that affects the nervous system and causes painful muscle…

Q: Motor defects that result from an internal capsular lesion include :-a- Paralysis of all skeletal…

A: A brain lesion is an area of injury or disease within the brain. They can range from small to large…

Q: Motor neurons innervate muscle fibers at specialized synapses called_______ . The release of…

A: In “motor neurons”, the cell bodies are located in the spinal cord, motor cortex, or brainstem. The…

Q: a.  Define the all-or-none principle.  b.  The same student remarked that at 180 mV stimulus, it is…

A: Lifting a mass is done by a motor unit, motor unit has a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers…

Q: Exaggeration of tendon jerks could result from any of the following conditions, except :-a- lesions…

A: A reflex action known as tendon reflex is produced if the tendon located below the knee is tapped.…

Q: Motor control can be defined as the acquisition of relatively permanent movement skills resulting…

A: Motor control may involve conscious control over movements of joints and body segments. It regulates…

Q: Is acetylcholine responsible for both voluntary and involuntary movement? I thought it was just…

A: The organic molecule acetylcholine serves as a neurotransmitter in our body and brain.

Q: Stimulation of D1 Medium Spiny Neurons in the Striatum causes of the Globus Pallidus and subsequent…

A: The basal ganglia are involved in action selection. It is a proven fact that a direct pathway leads…

Q: Identify the steps that show how an action potentialproduced in the motor end-plate of the…

A: The muscular system comprises three major types of muscle cells - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and…

Q: Neutral stimulations modulate muscle force output. In the illustration below, fused tetanus is shown…

A: Fused tetanus is a physiological phenomenon observed in muscle contraction, particularly when…

Q: What is a subluxation and what is somatic dysfunction? What role do the mechanoreceptors and…

A: A subluxation refers to a partial or incomplete dislocation of a joint usually in the context of…

Q: In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are…

A: The neuron is the basic unit of the complex nervous system. It helps in transmission of information…

Q: If the number of active cross bridges in skeletal muscle begins to decline although the rate of…

A: Option A: Fatigue

Q: The proofreading function of DNA polymerase involves the recognitionof a ________ and the removal of…

A: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the genetic material of the organisms that transfer from…

Q: Match the word/term with the appropriate characteristic fast fibers/ Type Ilb or Ilx fibers fast to…

A: Introduction :- Individual muscle fibres make up skeletal muscles. Muscle fibres, like muscles…

Q: γ-motor neurons control muscle tone by :-a- adjusting the supraspinal facilitatory dischargeb-…

A: Muscle tone refers to the maintenance of partial contraction which important for maintaining posture…

Q: The crista ampullaris is sensitive to :-a- sound vibrationsb- force of gravityc- linear…

A: Crista ampullaris is present in the inner ear. It is present in the ampulla of the semicircular…

Q: To demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm…

A: Ans - the correct answer for the above question is- A) Different motor units were contracting while…

Q: What structural features of the primary motor cortex somatotopic map reflect the general principle…

A: The primary motor cortex is a primary region in the brain that works in coordination with the other…

Q: Which of the conditions would result in the greatest action potential frequency in afferent neurons…

A: An action potential in neurons happens when a neuron transmits information through the axon to other…

Q: Describe the functions of gamma motor neurons and explain why they are stimulated at the same time…

A: The gamma motor neurons innervate the muscle spindle at every finish. they permit contraction of the…

Q: Muscle spindles are the sensory receptors that monitor the length of skeletal muscles. When the…

A: The muscles are involved in movements happening in an organism. These movements can be voluntary or…

Q: Describe motor control in terms of the conceptual motor control hierarchy. Use the following terms:…

A: The axon terminals of the many neurons junction on a motor neuron at intervals in the brain stem or…

Q: Why is it important to remove acetylcholine from its binding to acetylcholine receptor once neural…

A: Acetylcholine : It is an organic chemical which functions in the brain and body of many types of…

Q: There are reflex arcs that employ a gamma motor neuron wrapped around a muscle spindle and involve…

A: A stretch reflex involves sensation perception of the tap by the intrafusal fibres in the muscle…

Q: What is the approximate amplitude in mV of the twitch in recording B? Be careful and note the…

A: Introduction  The amplitude is typically calculated from peak to peak. A high-frequency response is…

Q: γ-motor innervation of muscle spindles produces :-a- contraction of the central region of the…

A: A gamma motor neuron (γ motor neuron) is a type of lower motor neuron, which takes part in the…

Q: Acetylcholinesterase is an important molecule in the neuromuscularjunction because ita. stimulates…

A: The brain is the central organ that commands the motor neurons to carry out a movement in the…

Q: Select ALL that would INCREASE the strength of a muscle contraction: recruiting more slow-twitch…

A: Skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical, has voluntary control in action that is in under our…

Q: Given what you have learned from the first experiment, you prepare the other leg for a fresh…

A: Curare," which is a class of drugs that block nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) located on…

Q: When recording force generated by the abductor digiti minimi complete fused tetanus would best be…

A: The correct answer to this question is option C i.e. by increasing the frequency with which the…

Q: Predict the consequence if presynaptic action potentials in an axonrelease insufficient…

A: Acetylcholine is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals…

Q: Discharge from muscle spindles could be increased by all the following, except :-a- increased…

A: Muscle tissue is soft tissues that provide ability to contract. Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and…

Q: 41- Gamma motor neurons: a- Causes contraction of the equatorial region of an intrafusal fiber b-…

A: The mechanism of gamma motor neurons helps in regulating muscle length and tone.

Q: Pain produced by muscle spasm results from :-a- mechanical stimulation of pain receptor by muscle…

A: Muscle spasm is an involuntary, persistent, sudden contraction of one or more muscles. It usually is…

Q: Why do you think movement variability can be functional?

A: We will answer the first question since the exact one was not specified. Please submit a new…

Q: The group la afferents from intrafusal fibers are rapidly adapting and show

A: Option B is the correct answer  increased firing during the dynamic phase that is maintained while…

Muscle Action

A change in the body or a bodily organ as a result of its functioning is referred to as an action. Muscle action can be defined as the specific movement of a bodily part generated by the contraction of a muscle. The muscle proteins actin and myosin are the important contractile proteins involved in muscle action. Muscle contraction, in addition to movement, serves several other important functions in the body, including posture, heat generation, and joint stability. Muscle contraction maintains posture, which includes standing and sitting.