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The rocks underlying the Ottawa area were formed in three main stages. What are those three main rock families, where are they found, and when were they formed?

The rocks underlying the Ottawa area were formed in three main stages. What are those three main rock families, where are they found, and when were they formed?

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
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  1. The rocks underlying the Ottawa area were formed in three main stages. What are those three main rock families, where are they found, and when were they formed?
The Gatineau River drains the rugged Canadian Shield Amprior Precambrian marble, quartzite, granite, and gneiss Wakefield Shawa Manotick Casselman Line outcrops create Hogs Back rapids DIFFERENT ROCKS Different Landscapes The Ottawa-Gatineau region is undertain by three different geological materials that create very different landscapes. The resistant Precambrian granitic and metamorphic rocks of the Canadian Shield form highland areas that are characterized by rough terrain, numerous small lakes, and abundant rock outcrops (left). In contrast, the flat-lying Paleozoic rocks underlie lowland plains and low hills, and outcrops are confined largely to low scarps and riverbanks (bottom left). Much of the region is covered by a blanket of Quaternary sediments which form landscapes that range from gently undulating plains and low hills of glacial deposits to the flat plains of the Champlain Sea (bottom right). Hawkesbury Quatemary- till, gravel sand, sit, and clay Paleozoic limestone, sandstone, and shale Geological map of the Ottawa-Gatineau region Different Resources Each geological material contains unique resources. Precambrian rocks contain a variety of metal and mineral resources. Paleozoic limestone and sandstone provide building stone and cement and concrete products. Quaternary sediments provide sand and gravel, and are also the parent material of agricultural soils. Flat sediment plan at the Central Experimental Farm, Odawa
Transcribed Image Text:The Gatineau River drains the rugged Canadian Shield Amprior Precambrian marble, quartzite, granite, and gneiss Wakefield Shawa Manotick Casselman Line outcrops create Hogs Back rapids DIFFERENT ROCKS Different Landscapes The Ottawa-Gatineau region is undertain by three different geological materials that create very different landscapes. The resistant Precambrian granitic and metamorphic rocks of the Canadian Shield form highland areas that are characterized by rough terrain, numerous small lakes, and abundant rock outcrops (left). In contrast, the flat-lying Paleozoic rocks underlie lowland plains and low hills, and outcrops are confined largely to low scarps and riverbanks (bottom left). Much of the region is covered by a blanket of Quaternary sediments which form landscapes that range from gently undulating plains and low hills of glacial deposits to the flat plains of the Champlain Sea (bottom right). Hawkesbury Quatemary- till, gravel sand, sit, and clay Paleozoic limestone, sandstone, and shale Geological map of the Ottawa-Gatineau region Different Resources Each geological material contains unique resources. Precambrian rocks contain a variety of metal and mineral resources. Paleozoic limestone and sandstone provide building stone and cement and concrete products. Quaternary sediments provide sand and gravel, and are also the parent material of agricultural soils. Flat sediment plan at the Central Experimental Farm, Odawa
The Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Geologists have broken this enormous length of time into major divisions using fossil assemblages and radiometric dating of rocks. During the vastness of Precambrian time, the Earth's crust developed, and early life evolved. The Paleozoic began with the first appearance of fossils with hard parts and ended with the largest extinction in Earth's history. The Mesozoic was the Age of Dinosaurs and ended with their extinction. The Cenozoic, which includes the present, is the Age of Mammals and includes the evolution of man and a major Ice Age Beneath Our Feet The late Precambrian, early Paleozoic, and late Cenozoic (Quaternary) are recorded in the rocks beneath our feet. Each rock-building interval was Geological time scale followed by a long interlude of erosion, spanning hundreds of millions of years, that we see as a gap in the rock record. vary Phanerozoic Paleozoic Precambrian -001 440 230 -290 2-300 -410 +438 Contact Peatse Triassic Pama Carboniferous Devoran Saran Ord Camb -10- 544 Pro Achen 4500 milion years DEEP TIME: Ancient Rocks It's All About Time No local rocks of this aga Erosion No local rocka Eroded mountain bell Gatineau Hills Limesto sandstone and Quarta Marbles and quartzites (1.3-1.25 billion year Granites and gneisses (1.5-1.4 billion years old) Warm tropical sea Ottawa Bonnechete graben and Ritvalley Breaking Apart About 175 million years ago, in the Mesozoic, the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben formed when the land surface moved downward between two major fault zones. These ancient faults are occasionally reactivated today, releasing crustal stress in the form of earthquakes. Did you know?... The dramatic escarpment that forms the southern edge of the Gatineau Hills between Quyan and Gatineau is a fault searp along the northern side of the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben. Cenozoic Ancient Mountains The oldest rocks in the region are the Precambrian marble. quartzite, and granite of the Gatineau Hills and parts of the Carp-Kanata area. These rocks are the deeply eroded roots of ancient mountains that were once as tall as the present-day Himalayas. Between 1.2 and 1.0 bilion years ago, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, originally deposited along the margin of ancient North America, were deformed, metamorphosed, and intruded by magma as a result of collision with another continent. This collision ceased about 1.0 billion years ago and the Precambrian mountains began to slowly wear down. Volcano Granite intrusions (1.16-1.05 billion years old) Time Present km No rock record The geological clock Precambrian 4.6 billion years Tropical Ottawa-Gatineau In the Paleozoic, between 510 and 440 million years ago, a warm tropical sea flooded the region. (We were near the equator then!) The oldest Paleozoic rock (the Nepean sandstone) was an ancient Cambrian beach. In the Ordovician, an ocean covered this beach and limestones and shales were deposited. Trilobites, Sand and lime mud cephalopods, crinoids, corals, snails, and other shelled animals that lived in the ancient coral reefs can be found by the thousands in the shales and limestones under our feet. Continental margin of ancient sea Time The Big Chill During the Quaternary, great ice sheets covered northern North America several times. The loose sediments that M Continental crunch 1.2-1.0 b years ago Laurentide Ice Sheet 20 000 years ago blanket bedrock in much of the Ottawa-Gatineau area were left by these glaciers or deposited in the Champlain Sea at the end of the Ice Age.
Transcribed Image Text:The Earth formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Geologists have broken this enormous length of time into major divisions using fossil assemblages and radiometric dating of rocks. During the vastness of Precambrian time, the Earth's crust developed, and early life evolved. The Paleozoic began with the first appearance of fossils with hard parts and ended with the largest extinction in Earth's history. The Mesozoic was the Age of Dinosaurs and ended with their extinction. The Cenozoic, which includes the present, is the Age of Mammals and includes the evolution of man and a major Ice Age Beneath Our Feet The late Precambrian, early Paleozoic, and late Cenozoic (Quaternary) are recorded in the rocks beneath our feet. Each rock-building interval was Geological time scale followed by a long interlude of erosion, spanning hundreds of millions of years, that we see as a gap in the rock record. vary Phanerozoic Paleozoic Precambrian -001 440 230 -290 2-300 -410 +438 Contact Peatse Triassic Pama Carboniferous Devoran Saran Ord Camb -10- 544 Pro Achen 4500 milion years DEEP TIME: Ancient Rocks It's All About Time No local rocks of this aga Erosion No local rocka Eroded mountain bell Gatineau Hills Limesto sandstone and Quarta Marbles and quartzites (1.3-1.25 billion year Granites and gneisses (1.5-1.4 billion years old) Warm tropical sea Ottawa Bonnechete graben and Ritvalley Breaking Apart About 175 million years ago, in the Mesozoic, the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben formed when the land surface moved downward between two major fault zones. These ancient faults are occasionally reactivated today, releasing crustal stress in the form of earthquakes. Did you know?... The dramatic escarpment that forms the southern edge of the Gatineau Hills between Quyan and Gatineau is a fault searp along the northern side of the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben. Cenozoic Ancient Mountains The oldest rocks in the region are the Precambrian marble. quartzite, and granite of the Gatineau Hills and parts of the Carp-Kanata area. These rocks are the deeply eroded roots of ancient mountains that were once as tall as the present-day Himalayas. Between 1.2 and 1.0 bilion years ago, sedimentary and volcanic rocks, originally deposited along the margin of ancient North America, were deformed, metamorphosed, and intruded by magma as a result of collision with another continent. This collision ceased about 1.0 billion years ago and the Precambrian mountains began to slowly wear down. Volcano Granite intrusions (1.16-1.05 billion years old) Time Present km No rock record The geological clock Precambrian 4.6 billion years Tropical Ottawa-Gatineau In the Paleozoic, between 510 and 440 million years ago, a warm tropical sea flooded the region. (We were near the equator then!) The oldest Paleozoic rock (the Nepean sandstone) was an ancient Cambrian beach. In the Ordovician, an ocean covered this beach and limestones and shales were deposited. Trilobites, Sand and lime mud cephalopods, crinoids, corals, snails, and other shelled animals that lived in the ancient coral reefs can be found by the thousands in the shales and limestones under our feet. Continental margin of ancient sea Time The Big Chill During the Quaternary, great ice sheets covered northern North America several times. The loose sediments that M Continental crunch 1.2-1.0 b years ago Laurentide Ice Sheet 20 000 years ago blanket bedrock in much of the Ottawa-Gatineau area were left by these glaciers or deposited in the Champlain Sea at the end of the Ice Age.
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