How thick must the insulation layer be to achieve the requirement U = 0.18 W/m2K? A wall of ventilated facade with insulation must meet requirements: Bearing construction: Lightweight concrete λ lightweight concrete = 0.14 W/mK, d=100 mm λ insulation = 0.04 W/mK, d=? etc Cold bridges 15%   Guide to task 1: 1) The requirement for the U-value with regard to cold bridges will be U - 15%. 2)Ri for walls: 0.13 m2K/W Ru for walls: 0.04 m2K/W

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Temperature Difference and Heat Transfer

Whenever there is a flow of heat flux resulting from a temperature gradient within the material or between two materials, there is heat transfer. Heat transfer primarily arises due to temperature differences between two bodies or within bodies. The term temperature gradient denotes temperature differences or variation of temperature due to change in some quantity. The fundamental use of the concept of temperature is found in the zeroth law of thermodynamics.