The results of the study of the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in a village in Malawi are given in the table below. All individuals in the village were examined during two surveys made one year apart. Assume that there were no deaths in the village during the year. Assume that new cases of TB were distributed evenly over time. Children born after the first survey were excluded from the secondary survey. There was no immigration and no emigration. There were two religious groups in the village.     First survey Second Survey Religion Group Number of cases of TB observed Number of persons free of TB Total Population Number of new cases of TB Population at risk of TB A 100 5000 5100 10 5000 B 75 10000 10075 25 10000 A+B 175 15000 15175 35 15000   Two surveys were carried out to determine incidence of TB. Why were two surveys required? What would one call the first and second surveys? What are the appropriate measure for each survey? What was the prevalence proportion of tuberculosis in the village at the first survey overall and in each religion group? What is the most appropriate measure to compare disease occurrence between the two groups?

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  1. The results of the study of the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in a village in Malawi are given in the table below. All individuals in the village were examined during two surveys made one year apart. Assume that there were no deaths in the village during the year. Assume that new cases of TB were distributed evenly over time. Children born after the first survey were excluded from the secondary survey. There was no immigration and no emigration. There were two religious groups in the village.

 

 

First survey

Second Survey

Religion Group

Number of cases of TB observed

Number of persons free of TB

Total Population

Number of new cases of TB

Population at risk of TB

A

100

5000

5100

10

5000

B

75

10000

10075

25

10000

A+B

175

15000

15175

35

15000

 

  1. Two surveys were carried out to determine incidence of TB. Why were two surveys required? What would one call the first and second surveys? What are the appropriate measure for each survey?
  2. What was the prevalence proportion of tuberculosis in the village at the first survey overall and in each religion group?
  3. What is the most appropriate measure to compare disease occurrence between the two groups?
  4. What was the incidence rate of TB overall and in the two religion groups?
  5. Assuming a steady state, give an estimate of the average duration of cases of TB in the village. Show units in your calculations. Give the conditions that are required for steady state to be present.
  6. What was the relative risk of acquiring TB in the religion group A relative to religion group B?
  7. Consider the exposed group to be religion group B. What was the population attributable risk of tuberculosis?

 

 

 

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