The recorded rainfall at 4 raingauge stations in an areafor a period of 8 years is given belowYear19911992199319941995199619971998Annua rainfall in cmA57.7108.375.367.555.752.346.147.6X121.095.069.086.059.950.334.8the 4 raingauge stationBC63.044.2100.995.190.560.458.662.380.385.140.330.169.675.462.552.0Estimate the missing rainfall at station X in the year1991 using (i) arithmetic mean method and (ii) normal-ratio method.

Arithmetic mean method: If the normal annual rainfall at A, B and C are to be within 10% of the…

The recorded rainfall at 4 raingauge stations in an area for a period of 8 years is given below Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Annua rainfall in cm A 57.7 X 121.0 95.0 69.0 86.0 59.9 50.3 34.8 108.3 75.3 67.5 55.7 52.3 46.1 47.6 the 4 raingauge station B C 63.0 44.2 100.9 95.1 90.5 60.4 58.6 62.3 80.3 85.1 40.3 30.1 69.6 75.4 62.5 52.0 Estimate the missing rainfall at station X in the year 1991 using (i) arithmetic mean method and (ii) normal- ratio method.

The recorded rainfall at 4 raingauge stations in an area for a period of 8 years is given below Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Annua rainfall in cm A 57.7 X 121.0 95.0 69.0 86.0 59.9 50.3 34.8 108.3 75.3 67.5 55.7 52.3 46.1 47.6 the 4 raingauge station B C 63.0 44.2 100.9 95.1 90.5 60.4 58.6 62.3 80.3 85.1 40.3 30.1 69.6 75.4 62.5 52.0 Estimate the missing rainfall at station X in the year 1991 using (i) arithmetic mean method and (ii) normal- ratio method.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Precipitation

Precipitation forms the basis of the water cycle on the Earth. The air is packed with water molecules in the form of moisture or water vapor. This water vapor usually rises to the atmosphere due to density differences. Precipitation represents any form of water, in liquid form or frozen form that forms in the earth's atmosphere. The water vapor up in the atmosphere condenses due to low temperature and it leads to the formation of clouds. The water vapor that forms clouds on account of condensation, is preferably known as cloud droplet. These cloud droplets when become heavy and can no longer sustain the weight of condensed water droplets, they come to the Earth in the form of rain, snow, ice pellets, and hail. Precipitation patterns, evaporation, and condensation are the three parameters that decide the global water cycle, climate change, and weather. Additionally, smoke and dust particles are equally important parameters for precipitation, as they provide the surface area for the water vapors to get condensed and to form water droplets. So they are known as condensation nuclei. The presence of other pollutants in the air also serves as condensation nuclei. Precipitation always results in the pure water supply to earth, as the salt from the seawater does not evaporate with the water.

Question

The recorded rainfall at 4 raingauge stations in an area
for a period of 8 years is given below
Year
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Annua rainfall in cm
A
57.7
108.3
75.3
67.5
55.7
52.3
46.1
47.6
X
121.0
95.0
69.0
86.0
59.9
50.3
34.8
the 4 raingauge station
B
C
63.0
44.2
100.9
95.1
90.5
60.4
58.6
62.3
80.3
85.1
40.3
30.1
69.6
75.4
62.5
52.0
Estimate the missing rainfall at station X in the year
1991 using (i) arithmetic mean method and (ii) normal-
ratio method.

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