The raw water supply for a community contains 160 mg/L total particulate matter. It is to be treated by addition of 86 mg/L alum. Essentially all of the added alum precipitates by this reaction: Al2(SO4)3 · 14H2O ⇒Al(OH)3(s) + 3SO2−4 + 6H+ + 8H2O. For a total flow of 5500 m3/day, compute the daily alum requirement. Answer in units of kg/day. Determine the concentration of solids in the water following alum addition (i.e., the sum of the solids initially present and those formed during treatment). Answer in units of mg/L.

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Mechanical Processes

In civil engineering, the materials have to undergo a series of manufacturing processes before using them in construction and structural applications. These manufacturing processes form the foundation stone of mechanical processes. Some of the civil engineering materials such as bars, metallic beams, metallic columns, surveying equipment, earthmovers, overhead cranes, structural and construction components, and even cement that is the most fundamental construction component need to undergo different manufacturing processes before they are ready to use. These processes are mechanical.