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The range in Ag concentration (wt%) which will give some eutectic in the structure at equilibrium is

The range in Ag concentration (wt%) which will give some eutectic in the structure at equilibrium is

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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**Phase Diagram of Ag-Cu System** This image is a phase diagram representing the equilibrium states between silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) as a function of temperature and composition (wt% Ag). **Components of the Graph:** 1. **Axes:** - The x-axis represents the composition in weight percent of silver (wt% Ag), ranging from 0% (pure Cu) to 100% (pure Ag). - The y-axis is the temperature in degrees Celsius, ranging from 200°C to 1200°C. 2. **Lines and Regions:** - **Liquidus Line:** The upper boundary indicating the temperatures above which the components are fully liquid. - **Solidus Line:** The lower boundary indicating the temperatures below which the components are fully solid. - **Solvus Line:** The boundary inside solid state region representing the solubility limit of components. - **α + L and β + L Regions:** Areas between the liquidus and solidus lines, indicating a mixture of liquid and solid phases (α or β with liquid). - **α and β Phases:** Solid solution regions. - **α + β Region:** A region below the solvus line, indicating coexistence of both solid phases. 3. **Critical Points:** - **Eutectic Point (Tₑ)** at 779°C, where the liquid solution solidifies into two solid phases, α and β, at a fixed composition of 71.9% wt Ag (Cₑ). **Question:** The query asks for the range in Ag concentration (wt%) that will produce some eutectic structure at equilibrium. **Answer Options:** - ○ From 91.2 to 100 wt% Ag - ○ 8 wt% Ag - ○ From 8 to 91.2 wt% Ag - ○ 91.2 wt% Ag - ○ From 8 to 71.9 wt% Ag - ○ From 71.9 to 91.2 wt% Ag - ○ From 0 to 8 wt% Ag - ○ 71.9 wt% Ag The eutectic point is at 71.9 wt% Ag. Therefore, the range that shows eutectic behavior includes both sides of this specific composition leading to the eutectic structure, which is between 8 wt% and 91.2 wt%
Transcribed Image Text:**Phase Diagram of Ag-Cu System** This image is a phase diagram representing the equilibrium states between silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) as a function of temperature and composition (wt% Ag). **Components of the Graph:** 1. **Axes:** - The x-axis represents the composition in weight percent of silver (wt% Ag), ranging from 0% (pure Cu) to 100% (pure Ag). - The y-axis is the temperature in degrees Celsius, ranging from 200°C to 1200°C. 2. **Lines and Regions:** - **Liquidus Line:** The upper boundary indicating the temperatures above which the components are fully liquid. - **Solidus Line:** The lower boundary indicating the temperatures below which the components are fully solid. - **Solvus Line:** The boundary inside solid state region representing the solubility limit of components. - **α + L and β + L Regions:** Areas between the liquidus and solidus lines, indicating a mixture of liquid and solid phases (α or β with liquid). - **α and β Phases:** Solid solution regions. - **α + β Region:** A region below the solvus line, indicating coexistence of both solid phases. 3. **Critical Points:** - **Eutectic Point (Tₑ)** at 779°C, where the liquid solution solidifies into two solid phases, α and β, at a fixed composition of 71.9% wt Ag (Cₑ). **Question:** The query asks for the range in Ag concentration (wt%) that will produce some eutectic structure at equilibrium. **Answer Options:** - ○ From 91.2 to 100 wt% Ag - ○ 8 wt% Ag - ○ From 8 to 91.2 wt% Ag - ○ 91.2 wt% Ag - ○ From 8 to 71.9 wt% Ag - ○ From 71.9 to 91.2 wt% Ag - ○ From 0 to 8 wt% Ag - ○ 71.9 wt% Ag The eutectic point is at 71.9 wt% Ag. Therefore, the range that shows eutectic behavior includes both sides of this specific composition leading to the eutectic structure, which is between 8 wt% and 91.2 wt%
Assuming equilibrium and knowing that α is white and β is black, the microstructure shown below that is most likely for an alloy consisting of 50 wt% tin and 50 wt% lead is: - **Structure E** - **Structure D** - **Structure C** - **Structure A** - **Structure B** ### Lead–Tin Equilibrium Phase Diagram **Graph Explanation:** The graph is a lead–tin equilibrium phase diagram showing temperature (°C) on the vertical axis and weight percent tin on the horizontal axis. The diagram includes several regions: - **Liquidus**: The uppermost light blue region where the alloy is liquid. - **Solidus**: The lower portions where solids form. Two main solid solubility regions are marked: - **α (alpha)**: A light brown area indicating the solid solution of tin in lead. - **β (beta)**: A green area indicating the solid solution of lead in tin. - **α + L and L + β regions**: Areas between the liquidus and solidus lines where both phases coexist with either liquid and α or liquid and β. - **α + β region**: A region below the solvus line where both solid phases coexist. Key temperatures are marked on the diagram: - Eutectic temperature at 183°C where both α and β phases coexist with liquid. - Other temperatures like 19°C and 97.5°C denote different phase boundaries related to solvus lines for α and β. **Phase Composition:** A 50 wt% tin and 50 wt% lead alloy is located around the center of the diagram, where the α + β phase region exists at lower temperatures, suggesting a microstructure consisting of both α and β phases. **Correct Microstructure:** For this alloy composition, the diagram helps identify that the correct microstructure will be such that both α and β phases are present, typically seen as alternating regions of white and black, which corresponds to one of the structures shown above.
Transcribed Image Text:Assuming equilibrium and knowing that α is white and β is black, the microstructure shown below that is most likely for an alloy consisting of 50 wt% tin and 50 wt% lead is: - **Structure E** - **Structure D** - **Structure C** - **Structure A** - **Structure B** ### Lead–Tin Equilibrium Phase Diagram **Graph Explanation:** The graph is a lead–tin equilibrium phase diagram showing temperature (°C) on the vertical axis and weight percent tin on the horizontal axis. The diagram includes several regions: - **Liquidus**: The uppermost light blue region where the alloy is liquid. - **Solidus**: The lower portions where solids form. Two main solid solubility regions are marked: - **α (alpha)**: A light brown area indicating the solid solution of tin in lead. - **β (beta)**: A green area indicating the solid solution of lead in tin. - **α + L and L + β regions**: Areas between the liquidus and solidus lines where both phases coexist with either liquid and α or liquid and β. - **α + β region**: A region below the solvus line where both solid phases coexist. Key temperatures are marked on the diagram: - Eutectic temperature at 183°C where both α and β phases coexist with liquid. - Other temperatures like 19°C and 97.5°C denote different phase boundaries related to solvus lines for α and β. **Phase Composition:** A 50 wt% tin and 50 wt% lead alloy is located around the center of the diagram, where the α + β phase region exists at lower temperatures, suggesting a microstructure consisting of both α and β phases. **Correct Microstructure:** For this alloy composition, the diagram helps identify that the correct microstructure will be such that both α and β phases are present, typically seen as alternating regions of white and black, which corresponds to one of the structures shown above.
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