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The primary medium for free energy storage in living cells is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The hydrolysis of ATP releases its stored energy to be used in metabolic cycles. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP has the value AG = -30.5kJ. In the cell, however, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not the ones for standard conditions, thus, the actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP under intracellular conditions (AG,) differs from the standard free-energy change, AG. For example, in human erythrocytes AGhydrolisis = -51.8kJ. The formation of ATP from ADP is not spontaneous ADP3-(aq) + H PO (aq) + H*+(aq) = AT Pª-(aq) + H2O(1) AG = -AGnydrolisis Cells couple ATP production with the metabolism of glucose (sugar), since its oxidation releases free Gibbs energy C,H12O6(aq) + 602(g) = 6. CO2(g)+. 6. H2O(I) AG = -2872kJ The reaction of 1 molecule of glucose leads to the formation of 38 molecules of ATP from ADP. Show how the coupling makes this reaction spontaneous. What fraction of the free eneray release in the oxidation of glucose is stored in the ATP2

The primary medium for free energy storage in living cells is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The hydrolysis of ATP releases its stored energy to be used in metabolic cycles. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP has the value AG = -30.5kJ. In the cell, however, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not the ones for standard conditions, thus, the actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP under intracellular conditions (AG,) differs from the standard free-energy change, AG. For example, in human erythrocytes AGhydrolisis = -51.8kJ. The formation of ATP from ADP is not spontaneous ADP3-(aq) + H PO (aq) + H*+(aq) = AT Pª-(aq) + H2O(1) AG = -AGnydrolisis Cells couple ATP production with the metabolism of glucose (sugar), since its oxidation releases free Gibbs energy C,H12O6(aq) + 602(g) = 6. CO2(g)+. 6. H2O(I) AG = -2872kJ The reaction of 1 molecule of glucose leads to the formation of 38 molecules of ATP from ADP. Show how the coupling makes this reaction spontaneous. What fraction of the free eneray release in the oxidation of glucose is stored in the ATP2

Chemistry
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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The primary medium for free energy storage in living cells is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The hydrolysis of ATP releases its stored energy to be used in metabolic cycles. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP has the value AG° = -30.5kJ. In the cell, however, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not the ones for standard conditions, thus, the actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP under intracellular conditions (AGp) differs from the standard free-energy change, AG°'. For example, in human erythrocytes AGhydrolisis = -51.8kJ. The formation of ATP from ADP is not spontaneous ADP³-(aq) + HPO, (aq) + H+(aq) = AT Pª- (aq) + H2O(l) AG = -AGhydrolisis 4 Cells couple ATP production with the metabolism of glucose (sugar), since its oxidation releases free Gibbs energy C6 H1206(aq) + 602(g) = 6. CO2(g)+. 6. H20(I) AG = -2872kJ The reaction of 1 molecule of glucose leads to the formation of 38 molecules of ATP from ADP. Show how the coupling makes this reaction spontaneous. What fraction of the free energy release in the oxidation of glucose is stored in the ATP?
Transcribed Image Text:The primary medium for free energy storage in living cells is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The hydrolysis of ATP releases its stored energy to be used in metabolic cycles. The standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP has the value AG° = -30.5kJ. In the cell, however, the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not the ones for standard conditions, thus, the actual free energy of hydrolysis of ATP under intracellular conditions (AGp) differs from the standard free-energy change, AG°'. For example, in human erythrocytes AGhydrolisis = -51.8kJ. The formation of ATP from ADP is not spontaneous ADP³-(aq) + HPO, (aq) + H+(aq) = AT Pª- (aq) + H2O(l) AG = -AGhydrolisis 4 Cells couple ATP production with the metabolism of glucose (sugar), since its oxidation releases free Gibbs energy C6 H1206(aq) + 602(g) = 6. CO2(g)+. 6. H20(I) AG = -2872kJ The reaction of 1 molecule of glucose leads to the formation of 38 molecules of ATP from ADP. Show how the coupling makes this reaction spontaneous. What fraction of the free energy release in the oxidation of glucose is stored in the ATP?
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