The population distributions and population standard deviations of scores on tests of procedural knowledge are not known. However, the sample data were similarly shaped, so the relatively large sample sizes imply that a two-sample ?t‑test for independent samples with unknown population standard deviations can be used to test the hypothesis ?1:?1≠?2 against the null hypothesis ?0:?1=?2 First, calculate the positive value of the two-sample t‑statistic for the difference in two independent means (group 1 minus group 2). Give your answer precise to four decimal places, then find the p value.
Online mapping tools are useful for translating different types of geographical knowledge to the public. Zhou et al. (2016) designed a novel online-map platform and tested its utility in translating procedural knowledge, which is knowledge about the procedures, methods, and other tools used to develop the map.
Sixty-two student participants were selected at random, and the students were randomly divided into two groups. The students in group 1 were provided access to the map platform, and the students in group 2 were provided with a handout containing the same geographic knowledge. Each of the students were tested on their knowledge after 30 minutes of studying. The table summarizes the results from each group.
| Population | Population description |
Population mean |
Sample size |
Sample mean |
Sample standard deviation |
Standard error estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Online-map platform | ?1 | ?1=31 | x¯1=17.161290 | ?1=1.695028 | SE1=0.304436 |
| 2 | Handout | ?2 | ?2=31 | x¯2=16.419355 | ?2=1.803223 | SE2=0.323868 |
The population distributions and population standard deviations of scores on tests of procedural knowledge are not known. However, the sample data were similarly shaped, so the relatively large sample sizes imply that a two-sample ?t‑test for independent samples with unknown population standard deviations can be used to test the hypothesis ?1:?1≠?2 against the null hypothesis ?0:?1=?2
First, calculate the positive value of the two-sample t‑statistic for the difference in two independent means (group 1 minus group 2). Give your answer precise to four decimal places, then find the p value.
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