The physical properties of cholesterol are best described as amphipathic, charged amphipathic, uncharged completely nonpolar polar, uncharged polar, charged
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- Draw the structure of phosphatidylcholine at pH 7 with the moiety on R₁ as 14:0 (C14) and R₂ as 12:2cis,cis-A6,9. Put an X on the bond cleaved by Phospholipase C.Identify the following glycerophospholipid, which helps conduct nerve impulses in the body, as a lecithin or cephalin, and list its components & label the components onto the structureThe amylopectin molecule differs from the glyco- gen molecule by: |A The nature of their monosaccharides; B The nature of the osidic bond of the main chain; C Their number of reducing extremities; D The length of their ramifications; E The nature of the osidic bond established between their ramifications and their main chain.
- 1. Draw the products that would be produced from phospholipase C cleavage of a glycerophospholipid with a phosphoserine head group, an alpha linoleic acid attached to C2 of the glycerol and a linoleic acid attached to the C3 of glycerol. Draw these products at pH=1. Be sure to number the fatty acid carbons in your productsDraw the skeletal structure of the products formed when the given triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed with water in the presence of sulfuric acid. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. OThetealeavesthatcontainthecaffeinetobeisolatedarepredominantly composed of cellulose, a natural and extremely abundant polymer of glucose. Look up the chair structure of β-D-glucose (β-D-glucopyranose, the monomer from which the cellulose polymer is composed). Draw this structure, draw the flipped chair, and indicate which conformer you think is more stable, if either. BRIEFLY explain your choice
- biochemistry acid phospatases are an important group of enzymes that can be detected in human blood serum. Under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), this group of enzymes can hydrolyze biological phosphate esters as follows: R-O-P-O, + H 20> R-OH + HO-P-O,. Acid phosphatases are produced and can be detected in erythrocytes, kidney, spleen, the liver, and prostrate gland. The enzyme from the prostrate gland is clinically important because an increased activity in the blood is frequently an indication of cancer of the prostrate gland. Tartrate ion can strongly inhibit the phosphatase from the prostrate gland, but not acid phosphatases from other tissues. How can you use the information above to develop a specific procedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostrate gland in human blood serum?Phospholipases show an enhanced activity for a substrateabove the critical micelle concentration. (The critical micelleconcentration, or cmc, is that concentration of a lipid abovewhich micelles begin to form.)a. What type of noncovalent interactions are possiblebetween the lipid and the enzyme at this stage?b. What do these interactions suggest about the structure ofphospholipases?Starch synthase in plants contains a single active site that accommodatesADP–glucose. However, cellulose synthase may contain two UDP–glucose-binding active sites. Given the structural diff erences between starch and cellulose, explain why two substrate-binding sites would promote effi cient cellulose synthesis.
- In contrast to phospholipids, the transport of fatty acids across membranes is much more rapid (less than a second). Propose an explanation for this observation.Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 3. In case the cell is in a state requiring large amount of ATP to support energy-requiring reactions/pathways, assuming that you have 1 mole of each of the said lipids are catabolized and complete oxidized, will the total net ATP yield from these two lipids be higher or lower than the sum of the net ATPs generated from each fatty acid components? Justify your answer in biochemical terms and using 5 sentences or less.Using this structure of phosphatidylcholine, draw the structure of - the glycerol group in phosphatidylcholine - a saturated fatty acid group in phosphatidylcholine - the phosphate group in phosphatidylcholine - the choline group in phosphatidylcholine - the trimethylamine group in phosphatidylcholine - the phosphatidic acid group in phosphatidylcholine