The net force on a planet is due primarily to the other planets and the Sun. By taking into account all the forces acting on a planet, investigators calculated the orbit of cach planet. A small discrepancy between the calculated orbit and the observed orbit of the planet Uranus was noted. It appeared that the sum of the forces on Uranus did not equal its mass times its acceleration, unless there was another force on the planet that was not included in the calculation. Assuming that this force was exerted by an unobserved planet, two scientists working independently calculated where this unknown planet must be in order to account for the discrepancy. Astronomers pointed their telescopes in the predicted lirection and found the planet we now call Neptune. Data Table Mass of the Sun 100

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Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors
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Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the passage and data table below.
The net force on a planet is due primarily to the other planets and the Sun. By taking into account all the
forces acting on a planet, investigators calculated the orbit of cach planet.
A small discrepancy between the calculated orbit and the observed orbit of the planet Uranus was noted.
It appeared that the sum of the forces on Uranus did not equal its mass times its acceleration, unless there
was another force on the planet that was not included in the calculation. Assuming that this force was
exerted by an unobserved planet, two scientists working independently calculated where this unknown
planet must be in order to account for the discrepancy. Astronomers pointed their telescopes in the predicted
direction and found the planet we now call Neptune.
Data Table
Mass of the Sun
1.99 x 1030 kg
Mass of Uranus
8.73 x 1025 kg
Mass of Neptune
1.03 x 1026 kg
Mean distance of Uranus to the Sun
2.87 x 1012 m
Mean distance of Neptune to the Sun
4,50 x 1012 m
Sun
Uranus
Neptune
1.63x102 m ;
( Not drawn to scale)
8. What fundamental force is the author referring to in this passage as a force between planets?
9. The diagram represents Neptune, Uranus, and the Sun in a straight line. Neptune is 1.63 × 1012 meters from
Uranus.
Calculate the magnitude of the interplanetary force of attraction between Uranus and Neptune at this
point. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.]
10. The magnitude of the force the Sun exerts on Uranus is 1.41 × 1021 newtons. Explain how it is possible for the
Sun to exert a greater force on Uranus than Neptune exerts on Uranus.
Transcribed Image Text:Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the passage and data table below. The net force on a planet is due primarily to the other planets and the Sun. By taking into account all the forces acting on a planet, investigators calculated the orbit of cach planet. A small discrepancy between the calculated orbit and the observed orbit of the planet Uranus was noted. It appeared that the sum of the forces on Uranus did not equal its mass times its acceleration, unless there was another force on the planet that was not included in the calculation. Assuming that this force was exerted by an unobserved planet, two scientists working independently calculated where this unknown planet must be in order to account for the discrepancy. Astronomers pointed their telescopes in the predicted direction and found the planet we now call Neptune. Data Table Mass of the Sun 1.99 x 1030 kg Mass of Uranus 8.73 x 1025 kg Mass of Neptune 1.03 x 1026 kg Mean distance of Uranus to the Sun 2.87 x 1012 m Mean distance of Neptune to the Sun 4,50 x 1012 m Sun Uranus Neptune 1.63x102 m ; ( Not drawn to scale) 8. What fundamental force is the author referring to in this passage as a force between planets? 9. The diagram represents Neptune, Uranus, and the Sun in a straight line. Neptune is 1.63 × 1012 meters from Uranus. Calculate the magnitude of the interplanetary force of attraction between Uranus and Neptune at this point. [Show all work, including the equation and substitution with units.] 10. The magnitude of the force the Sun exerts on Uranus is 1.41 × 1021 newtons. Explain how it is possible for the Sun to exert a greater force on Uranus than Neptune exerts on Uranus.
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