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The nephron reabsorbs glucose through a sodium / glucose transporter. What sort of transporter is it?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter14: The Urinary System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3RE

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The nephron reabsorbs glucose through a sodium / glucose transporter. What sort of transporter is it?

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Explain how the kidneys help to maintain the balance of acids and bases in extracellular fluid.
The nephron has a transporter protein to reabsorb glucose, what will occur if this transporter mechanism is saturated?
When the kidneys filter plasma, the filtered glucose is reabsorbed from the renal tubules and is not passed in the urine. However, glucose can appear in the urine when the blood sugar is exceptionally high. Given that glucose is reabsorbed by carrier-mediated transport, what functional aspect of carrier-mediated transport does the appearance of glucose in urine demonstrate? Explain.
Why is this process considered secondary active transport? Does water reabsorption accompany ion reabsorption in this region of the nephron?
Active transport requires the use of ATP. Identify two ions that require active transport to be selectively reabsorbed.
Draw a schematic diagram showing the flow of water and salts in the proximal tubule of the kidney. In this diagram, put the lumen on the left side of the diagram and the extracellular fluids on the right side of the diagram. Indicate where the lumen is, where the extracellular fluid is, where the apical portion of the cell is, and show the location of the proteins that are responsible for the movement of water and salts and glucose reabsorption in this area of the kidney
What is the difference between filtration and reabsorption? Explain how hydrostatic, osmotic (or colloid oncotic), and osmosis influence fluid transport across the nephron.
The presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal, but these two molecules end up in the urine for different reasons. For each of these molecules, briefly describe where in the urine production process (i.e., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion) the problem occurs, and why it might happen.
Explain why the filtrate becomes hypotonic as it flows through the ascending limb of the nephron loop and why the filtrate at the end of the nephron loop is hypertonic.
Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolirity. How do they maintain normal cell volume?
The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.
Compare the processes of reabsorption and secretion in terms of transporters involved. Is all reabsorption and/or secretion in the kidneys an active process?